Natural history of gastric varices and risk factors for bleeding

Abstract

GV bleeding was more frequent in patients with fundal varices than in patients with type 1 gastroesophageal varices, and large GV and poor liver function were risk factors for GV bleeding. Close observation and prophylaxis for variceal bleeding might be warranted in high-risk patients.

Clinical features and outcomes of gastric variceal bleeding: retrospective Korean multicenter data

“…We thus dependent upon the data from two decades ago 1. In Korea, one study reported the cumulative incidence rates of GVB as 4.8%, 19.9% and 23.2% at 1, 3 and 5 years after diagnosis and overall survival rates in patients with gastric varices were 88.6%, 53.2% and 37.2% at 1, 5 and 10 years respectively 17. However, little has been known about the clinical outcome of GVB in Korea.…”

“…The following definitions were based on recommendations from the Baveno II, III, and IV consensus workshops and previous literature: 12-17…”

Iatrogenic fatal bleeding of ruptured gastric varix mimicking submucosal mass: An autopsy case

“…[4][5][6] GVs are commonly classified based on their relationship with esophageal varices and their location in the stomach. 3,4 In this case, the physician mistook an IGV for a submucosal mass. GVs are underestimated on standard endoscopy, because they lie deep in the submucosa and can be difficult to distinguish with gastric rugae.…”

“…2 The incidence of bleeding of GVs is 25% within 2 years, which is lower than that of esophageal varices, because GVs are usually present deeper in submucosa. 3,4 However, bleeding of GVs tends to be more severe because of plentiful collateral circulation and bleeding is more difficult to control with endoscopic intervention, and have a higher mortality rate. [4][5][6] GVs are commonly classified based on their relationship with esophageal varices and their location in the stomach.…”

“…3,4 However, bleeding of GVs tends to be more severe because of plentiful collateral circulation and bleeding is more difficult to control with endoscopic intervention, and have a higher mortality rate. [4][5][6] GVs are commonly classified based on their relationship with esophageal varices and their location in the stomach. 2 GVs located in the fundus, which tend to be tortuous and complex in shape, as in this case, are classified into type I isolated GVs (IGV).…”