Natural History of
            <i>Plasmodium odocoilei</i>
            Malaria Infection in Farmed White-Tailed Deer

Guggisberg, Ann M.; Sayler, Katherine A.; John, Audrey Odom

doi:10.1128/msphere.00067-18

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Haemosporidians in the genera Plasmodium , Haemoproteus , and Leucocytozoon (hereafter termed malaria for simplicity) are protozoan parasites that infect the red blood cells of mammals, reptiles, and birds (Martinsen, Perkins, & Schall, ). Infection by malaria has been associated with increased mortality, decreased body condition, and reductions in fitness (Guggisberg, Sayler, Wisely, & Odom John, ; Knowles, Palinauskas, & Sheldon, ; Marzal, Bensch, Reviriego, Balbontin, & De Lope, ). The selective pressure exerted by malaria has driven the evolution of increased host resistance and tolerance (Atkinson, Saili, Utzurrum, & Jarvi, ; Hill et al, ), with evidence of local adaptation to spatially heterogeneous selection pressures (Loiseau et al, ; Piel et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive landscape genetics and malaria across divergent island bird populations

Armstrong

Davies

González-Quevedo

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Environmental conditions play a major role in shaping the spatial distributions of pathogens, which in turn can drive local adaptation and divergence in host genetic diversity. Haemosporidians, such as Plasmodium (malaria), are a strong selective force, impacting survival and fitness of hosts, with geographic distributions largely determined by habitat suitability for their insect vectors. Here, we have tested whether patterns of fine‐scale local adaptation to malaria are replicated across discrete, ecologically differing island populations of Berthelot's pipits Anthus berthelotii. We sequenced TLR4, an innate immunity gene that is potentially under positive selection in Berthelot's pipits, and two SNPs previously identified as being associated with malaria infection in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in Berthelot's pipits in the Canary Islands. We determined the environmental predictors of malaria infection, using these to estimate variation in malaria risk on Porto Santo, and found some congruence with previously identified environmental risk factors on Tenerife. We also found a negative association between malaria infection and a TLR4 variant in Tenerife. In contrast, one of the GWAS SNPs showed an association with malaria risk in Porto Santo, but in the opposite direction to that found in the Canary Islands GWAS. Together, these findings suggest that disease‐driven local adaptation may be an important factor in shaping variation among island populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive landscape genetics and malaria across divergent island bird populations

Armstrong

Davies

González-Quevedo

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In Florida and elsewhere, deer are infected with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus that is transmitted by Culicoides midges [ 35 ], and deer can also be infected with Plasmodium odocoilei , or deer malaria, believed to be transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes [ 36 ]. Both diseases affect morbidity and mortality of deer [ 37 ] and may impact their susceptibility to other vector-borne diseases. Little is known of the ecology of other vector-borne pathogens infecting white-tailed deer in Florida or how alternative management regimes may affect their epidemiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of vector control on the prevalence of Theileria cervi in farmed Florida white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

et al. 2019

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BackgroundVector-borne diseases exert a global economic impact to the livestock industry. Understanding how agriculture practices and acaricide usage affect the ecology of these diseases is important for making informed management decisions. Theileria cervi is a hemoprotozoan parasite infecting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is transmitted by the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. The purpose of this study was to determine if acaricide treatment decreased hematozoan prevalence in farmed white-tailed deer when compared to geographically-close wild deer or altered the genotypes of T. cervi present.ResultsWe compared prevalence of T. cervi in 52 farmed adult white-tailed deer which were regularly treated with permethrin and ivermectin, 53 farmed neonates that did not receive treatment for vector control, and 42 wild deer that received no form of chemical vector control. Wild deer had significantly higher prevalence of T. cervi than farmed deer. Additionally, no neonate fawns tested positive for T. cervi, and we found that age was a significant predictor of infection status. We found no difference in genotypic variation in T. cervi isolates between adjacent herds of farmed and wild white-tailed deer, although a divergent genotype X was identified. Chronic infection with T. cervi had no significant effects on mortality in the white-tailed deer.ConclusionsWe found significantly lower prevalence of T. cervi infection in farmed (40%) compared to wild white-tailed deer (98%), which may be due to the inclusion of chemical vector control strategies. More work is needed to determine the implications, if any, of mixed genotypic infections of T. cervi, although we found no significant effect of infection with Theileria on mortality in farmed deer. Theileria infection does sometimes cause disease when an animal is stressed, immunosuppressed, or translocated from non-endemic to endemic regions.

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“…A recent study conducted in 17 states across the USA estimated a 25% P. odocoilei infection rate in white-tailed deer [ 10 ]. Malaria in wildlife populations may also have an impact on biodiversity, as infection reduces the deer population by killing fawns [ 11 ]. This can also present problems for humans due to the possibility of zoonotic transmission to livestock ungulates vectored from wild ungulates [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 diagnostic tool clarifies the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of the North American malaria vector Anopheles punctipennis

Hodge

Yurchenko

Karagodin

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background The malaria mosquito Anopheles punctipennis, a widely distributed species in North America, is capable of transmitting human malaria and is actively involved in the transmission of the ungulate malaria parasite Plasmodium odocoilei. However, molecular diagnostic tools based on Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA are lacking for this species. Anopheles punctipennis is a former member of the Anopheles maculipennis complex but its systematic position remains unclear. Methods In this study, ITS2 sequences were obtained from 276 An. punctipennis specimens collected in the eastern and midwestern United States and a simple and robust Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach for species identification was developed. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS2 sequences available through this study and from GenBank for 20 species of Anopheles. Results The analysis demonstrated a consistent ITS2 sequence length and showed no indications of intragenomic variation among the samples based on ITS2, suggesting that An. punctipennis represents a single species in the studied geographic locations. In this study, An. punctipennis was found in urban, rural, and forest settings, suggesting its potential broad role in pathogen transmission. Phylogeny based on ITS2 sequence comparison demonstrated the close relationship of this species with other members of the Maculipennis group. Conclusions This study developed molecular tools based on ITS2 sequences for the malaria vector An. punctipennis and clarified the phylogenetic position of the species within the Maculipennis group.

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Natural History of Plasmodium odocoilei Malaria Infection in Farmed White-Tailed Deer

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Adaptive landscape genetics and malaria across divergent island bird populations

Adaptive landscape genetics and malaria across divergent island bird populations

The impact of vector control on the prevalence of Theileria cervi in farmed Florida white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

The new Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 diagnostic tool clarifies the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of the North American malaria vector Anopheles punctipennis

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