Natural History of Mass-action in Predator-prey Models: A Case Study from Wolf Spiders and Grasshoppers

Joern, Anthony; Danner, Bradford J.; Logan, J. David; Wolesensky, William

doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2006)156[52:nhomip]2.0.co;2

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, in this case of constant predator density, higher temperatures favor the prey and lower temperatures favor the predator. This supports the conclusion put forth in the case of grasshoppers and spiders (see Logan et al, 2006;Joern et al, 2006). This case is also applicable to grasshoppers, for example, that are preyed upon during a given period of time by migratory birds.…”

Section: Nonstructured Predator Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 86%

Phenologically-Structured Predator-Prey Dynamics with Temperature Dependence

Logan¹

2007

Bull. Math. Biol.

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Studies document the fact that temperature changes strongly affect interactions in many consumer-resource systems through altered, or shifted, phenologies. The mistiming of events, such as migration or emergence times, or the contraction or expansion of development times can upset the normal synchronization and lead to increased or decreased predation events. In this paper, we formulate a continuous time, phenologically-structured model of predator-prey interactions that is driven by temperature variations. It is particularly applicable to arthropod interactions because their development rates are so strongly temperature related. The model takes the form of a system of partial differential-integral equations for the species' population densities in development-time variables. In special cases, the model is analytically tractable and we find a closed-form solution. By calculating density variations under different temperature regimes, the model gives a quantitative method for assessing the effects of global temperature change on consumer-resource interactions.

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Section: Nonstructured Predator Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 86%

Phenologically-Structured Predator-Prey Dynamics with Temperature Dependence

Logan¹

2007

Bull. Math. Biol.

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“…Consequently, spiders have an indirect positive effect on grasses and an indirect negative effect on forbs. While warming can directly reduce spider activity (Joern et al 2006), it nevertheless seemed to enhance the ramifying effects of spiders in the community. This may be brought about because grasshoppers respond to the presence of spiders by maintaining the diet shift toward forbs, without being affected by the predator's location or behavior (e.g., hunting in the canopy vs. inactive within the leaf litter; B. T. Barton, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate warming strengthens indirect interactions in an old‐field food web

Barton

Beckerman

Schmitz

2009

Ecology

138

146

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to alter trophic interactions within food chains, but predicting the fate of particular species is difficult because the predictions hinge on knowing exactly how climate influences direct and indirect interactions. We used two complementary approaches to examine how climate change may alter trophic interactions within an old-field food web composed of herbaceous plants, grasshopper herbivores, and spider predators. We synthesized data spanning 15 years of experimentation during which interannual mean growing season temperature varied by 28C and precipitation by 2.5 cm. We also manipulated temperature within mesocosms to test the affect of temperature on primary production and strength of direct and indirect trophic interactions. Both approaches produced similar results: plant production was not directly affected by temperature or precipitation, but the strength of top-down indirect effects on grasses and forbs increased by 30-40% per 18C. Hence, the net effect of climate change was to strengthen top-down control of this terrestrial system.

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“…They can be related to the behaviour of the predator or the prey, including for example migratory patterns, risk sensitive foraging etc. (see for example Joern et al 2006 for a temperature‐dependent overlap of activity windows between spiders and grasshoppers) or they could be externally imposed via extrinsic environmental variation (e.g. tidal cycles, as in some of the fishes studied by Hall et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily foraging cycles create overlapping time‐scales in functional responses

Casas

McCauley

2012

Oikos

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The functional response is one of the most widely measured attributes of consumers. Phenomenalistic descriptions of how predator attack rates vary with prey density are fundamental components of consumer-resource models. The application of these functions typically assumes continuous foraging by individuals, along with stationarity in their behavioural and physiological processes. Yet most species display a diurnal cycle in foraging and resting, and the impact of this foraging pattern on the functional response is unknown.We use a physiologically structured or 'state-space' approach to examine how the daily foraging cycle affects the temporal dynamics of attack rates and the functional response of parasitoids (Aphytis melinus) and predators (Mantis crassulea and fishes). The state spaces for parasitoids and predators are the number of mature eggs, the eggload, and the satiation level, respectively. The corresponding rates are those of egg maturation and oviposition on one hand, and digestion and prey capture on the other hand.We show that the length of the foraging period alters both the shape of the functional response and the magnitude of attack rates, compared to a daily functional response proportional to the time spent foraging, as is classically done. Our models reveal how separation of time-scales arises between behavioural or physiological and lifetime processes, and the difficulty in resolving such separation once the new time scale of a foraging cycle is introduced.Foragers in many environments, either because of exposure to low resource density or constrained by short foraging windows, cannot achieve the behavioural or physiological stationarity assumed in classical analyses. This introduces a fundamental mixture of time-scales that has significant effects on estimates of attack rates. Using a population-level model of predators and prey, we show how restricted periods of daily foraging have important dynamical consequences both in terms of equilibrium levels and return times to these equilibria.The functional response of predators, parasitoids, and more generally of consumers, has been studied for a large number of species (extensively reviewed by Jeschke et al. 2002, Keeling et al. 2000, Fernandez-Arhex and Corley 2003, Hobbs et al. 2003, Fryxell et al. 2007, Tschanz et al. 2007, Englund and Leonardsson 2008. Behavioral ecologists are fascinated by how individuals search, detect and capture prey as the density of these resources varies in quantity or quality in different environmental settings. Physiological ecologists use these relationships to understand energy acquisition and allocation, thereby linking physiological processes to resource levels in the environment. Population and community ecologists use the functional response to infer mortality rates imposed on prey, and also as a key component to dynamically couple prey and predator populations in models of predator-prey systems or foodwebs (Fryxell and Lundberg 1997, Murdoch et al. 2003, Turchin 2003. The study of functional responses thus sp...

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Natural History of Mass-action in Predator-prey Models: A Case Study from Wolf Spiders and Grasshoppers

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Phenologically-Structured Predator-Prey Dynamics with Temperature Dependence

Phenologically-Structured Predator-Prey Dynamics with Temperature Dependence

Climate warming strengthens indirect interactions in an old‐field food web

Daily foraging cycles create overlapping time‐scales in functional responses

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