Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Taylor, Harry L.; Cole, Charles J.; Hardy, Laurence M.; Dessauer, Herbert C.; Townsend, Carol R.; Walker, James M.; Cordes, James E.

doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)345<0001:nhbttl>2.0.co;2

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The data were interpreted against our background of having analyzed hundreds of specimens of A. tigris, A. inornata, and A. neomexicana in the course of other studies Cole, 1984, 1989;Dessauer et al, 2000;Cole et al, 1988Cole et al, , 2007Taylor et al, 2001;Manning et al, 2005), and the results were consistent with our previous work.…”

Section: Allozymessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Small groups of yolk granules ( fig. 13I) varied in diameter, stained yellowish or orange in Mallory Triple, and had the same appearance as the yolk granules in female hybrids of A. tesselata × A. t. marmorata illustrated in Taylor et al (2001, their fig. 16F).…”

Section: Reproductive Histologymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For A. inornata, we have examined 115 bone marrow cells at mitotic metaphase from 21 individuals (including both sexes) from widespread localities representing four subspecies, including seven specimens of A. i. arizonae from the vicinity of Willcox, Cochise County, Arizona, all of which were karyotypically identical to each other (e.g., Lowe et al, 1970;Cole et al, 1988). For A. tigris sensu lato, we have examined at least 40 specimens also from widespread localities representing various subspecies, all of which are karyotypically identical to each other, excepting for the sex chromosomes that distinguish males and females (e.g., Cole et al, 1969;Lowe et al, 1970;Dessauer et al, 2000;Taylor et al, 2001;Cole et al, 2007). For A. neomexicana, which has a diploid karyotype consistent with its hybrid origin of A. t. marmorata × A. inornata, we have examined about 175 cells at mitotic metaphase from more than 30 individuals from throughout its geographic range (Cole et al, 1988;Manning et al, 2005).…”

Section: Karyotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Hybridization Among North American Whiptail Lizards, IncludingAspidoscelis Inornata Arizonae × A. tigris marmorata(Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

Cole¹,

Hardy

Dessauer

et al. 2010

American Museum Novitates

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The natural origin of diploid parthenogenesis in whiptail lizards has been through interspecific hybridization. Genomes of the parthenogens indicate that they originated in one generation, as the lizards clone the F 1 hybrid state. In addition, hybridization between diploid parthenogens and males of bisexual species has resulted in triploid parthenogenetic clones in nature. Consequently, the genus Aspidoscelis contains numerous gonochoristic (= bisexual) species and numerous unisexual species whose closest relatives are bisexual, and from whom they originated through instantaneous sympatric speciation and an abrupt and dramatic switch in reproductive biology. In order to study this phenomenon more closely, with hopes (unfulfilled) to witness the origin of parthenogenetic cloning in one generation, we maintained whiptail lizards in captivity. For more than 29 years, we caged males of bisexual species with females of bisexual and of unisexual species in attempts to obtain laboratory hybrids. Hybrids were raised to adulthood to see whether they would reproduce, but none did. The hybrid status of suspected laboratory hybrids was confirmed by karyotypic, allozyme, and morphological analyses, and histological studies were made on reproductive tissues of the hybrids, which were apparently sterile.The present paper focuses on the laboratory hybrids of two bisexual species, A. inornata arizonae (♀) × A. tigris marmorata (♂). These three individuals from one clutch of eggs were the only hybrids between two bisexual species that we obtained. The hybrids had a karyotype, allozymes (21 loci tested), and external morphology that were similar to those of A. neomexicana, which is a diploid parthenogen that had a hybrid origin in nature that was the reciprocal cross: A. t. marmorata (♀) × A. inornata (♂). Histological study showed that the largest and oldest laboratory hybrid raised, which appeared to be a female with inherited X chromosome of A. t. marmorata, was an intersex with an enormous adrenal. The other hybrid that reached adult size, a male, was also apparently sterile.Later, we review and summarize the information on the other laboratory hybrids we obtained over the years. These include two different combinations of hybrids between a male of a bisexual species and females of unisexual species (one diploid, one triploid), producing triploid and tetraploid hybrids, respectively, as a haploid genome from the male was added to the cloned egg. Considering only those specimens whose hybrid status was confirmed with genetic analyses, a total of only five hybrids from three crosses were obtained over 29 years. The effort involved having a total of 74 males of four species caged with 156 females of nine species, where individuals were caged together for at least six months (or less, if mating behavior was observed).Despite our extensive efforts to provide for their comfort and best health and captive environment, the lizards at times experienced health problems such as metabolic bone disease and a Salmonella infection. ...

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Section: Allozymessupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Reproductive Histologymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Karyotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Hybridization Among North American Whiptail Lizards, IncludingAspidoscelis Inornata Arizonae × A. tigris marmorata(Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

Cole¹,

Hardy

Dessauer

et al. 2010

American Museum Novitates

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“…SDL-F(u), number of subdigital lamellae on the right fourth finger, but using the left finger if the right could not be counted, following Taylor et al (2001). SDL-T(u), number of subdigital lamellae on the right fourth toe, but using the left toe if the right could not be counted, following Cole et al (1988).…”

Section: Appendix 1 Character Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Variation in a Unisexual Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) and One of Its Bisexual Parental Species (Aspidoscelis inornata) (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae): Is the Clonal Species Less Variable?

Cole

Taylor

Townsend

2016

American Museum Novitates

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Two clonal lineages, each comprising multiple generations of unisexual A. exsanguis, were produced in the laboratory from two lizards that were collected at the same locality in the field. Based on 10 meristic and four additional characters, we assessed morphological scores and relative variation as follows: (1) between the two laboratory lineages; (2) between these lineages pooled and samples of A. exsanguis and the bisexual (gonochoristic) A. inornata from the field; and (3) between field samples of the clonal lizards and A. inornata from a nearby locality. The two lineages differed significantly in the means and variances of two univariate characters and the two most informative multivariate characters. Contrary to expectations, the pooled sample of cloned laboratory lineages of A. exsanguis were as variable as the bisexual species in all 10 univariate characters and four important multivariate characters.

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“…This generalist and bisexual species occurs in deserts, woodlands and other sparsely vegetated areas throughout Idaho, Oregon, west California and Texas into southern Baja California, Sinaloa and Coahuila, Mexico [92]. Currently, there are no major threats identified for this species [93], and a subspecies, the Sonoran tiger whiptail (A. tigris punctinealis), has been considered to impact populations of the gray-checkered whiptail through hybridization, as the resulting hybrids are not capable of parthenogenetic cloning [94,95]. Projected areas that show a gain in environmental suitability in the future, or that would remain stable for the tiger whiptail overlap with areas where climate suitability would be completely lost for the gray-checkered whiptail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of Future Suitable Bioclimatic Conditions of Parthenogenetic Whiptails

Alvarez

Salas

Harings

et al. 2017

Climate

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This paper highlights the results of bioclimatic-envelope modeling of whiptail lizards belonging to the Aspidoscelis tesselata species group and related species. We utilized five species distribution models (SDM) including Generalized Linear Model, Random Forest, Boosted Regression Tree, Maxent and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines to develop the present day distributions of the species based on climate-driven models alone. We then projected future distributions of whiptails using data from four climate models run according to two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Results of A. tesselata species group suggested that climate change will negatively affect the bioclimatic habitat and distribution of some species, while projecting gains in suitability for others. Furthermore, when the species group was analyzed together, climate projections changed for some species compared to when they were analyzed alone, suggesting significant loss of syntopic areas where suitable climatic conditions for more than two species would persist. In other words, syntopy within members of the species group will be drastically reduced according to future bioclimatic suitability projections in this study.

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Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Laboratory Hybridization Among North American Whiptail Lizards, IncludingAspidoscelis Inornata Arizonae × A. tigris marmorata(Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

Laboratory Hybridization Among North American Whiptail Lizards, IncludingAspidoscelis Inornata Arizonae × A. tigris marmorata(Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

Morphological Variation in a Unisexual Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) and One of Its Bisexual Parental Species (Aspidoscelis inornata) (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae): Is the Clonal Species Less Variable?

Projections of Future Suitable Bioclimatic Conditions of Parthenogenetic Whiptails

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