Natural hypoglycaemic bioactives: Newer avenues and newer possibilities

Abstract

The incidences of endocrine and metabolic disorders like diabetes have increased worldwide. Several proposed molecular pathways mechanisms for the management of diabetes have been identified, but glycaemic control is still a challenging task in the drug discovery process. Most of the drug discovery processes lead to numerous scaffolds that are prominent in natural products. The review deals with the natural bioactives as an α‐amylase inhibitors, α‐glucosidase inhibitors, protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1B inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors, G‐protein coupled receptors‐40 agonists, PPAR‐γ agonists and the activators of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and glucokinase. So, in this review, we focused on the hypoglycaemic bioactives, which will assist scientific developers, traditional medicinal practitioners, and readers to discover some potent antidiabetic molecules. Strategies like chemometric approaches, scaffold hopping, and total synthesis of natural products by group modification or ring opening/closing mechanism could be useful for the development of novel hit/lead antidiabetic molecules. The study concludes that each phyto molecule inherits a potential to get explored by repurposing techniques for various antidiabetic targets and offer an alternative antidiabetic therapeutic medicinal potential.