Natural Immunity: A T‐Cell‐Independent Pathway of Macrophage Activation, Defined in the scid Mouse

Bancroft, Gregory J.; Schreiber, Robert D.; Unanue, Emil R.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00613.x

Cited by 285 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The ability of TCR␣°mice to control primary L. monocytogenes infection is consistent with the previously recognized capacity of TCR␥␦ and NK cells to participate in innate immunity against this pathogen (3,6,10). No difference in the bacterial burden or early survival was observed among wild-type, TCR␣°, and TCR␣°V␣14Tg mice following enteric L. monocytogenes infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Ranson

Bregenholt

Lehuen

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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Invariant Vα14+ NKT cells are a specialized CD1-reactive T cell subset implicated in innate and adaptive immunity. We assessed whether Vα14+ NKT cells participated in the immune response against enteric Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. Using CD1d tetramers loaded with the synthetic lipid α-galactosylceramide (CD1d/αGC), we found that splenic and hepatic Vα14+ NKT cells in C57BL/6 mice were early producers of IFN-γ (but not IL-4) after L. monocytogenes infection. Adoptive transfer of Vα14+ NKT cells derived from TCRα° Vα14-Jα18 transgenic (TCRα°Vα14Tg) mice into alymphoid Rag°γc° mice demonstrated that Vα14+ NKT cells were capable of providing early protection against enteric L. monocytogenes infection with systemic production of IFN-γ and reduction of the bacterial burden in the liver and spleen. Rechallenge experiments demonstrated that previously immunized wild-type and Jα18° mice, but not TCRα° or TCRα°Vα14Tg mice, were able to mount adaptive responses to L. monocytogenes. These data demonstrate that Vα14+ NKT cells are able to participate in the early response against enteric L. monocytogenes through amplification of IFN-γ production, but are not essential for, nor capable of, mediating memory responses required to sterilize the host.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Ranson

Bregenholt

Lehuen

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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“…g/d T cells segregate into two populations on the basis of NK1.1 surface expression and NK1.1 1 subsets have a higher potential to secrete IFN-g than their NK1.1 À counterparts [22]. Because a majority of g/d T cells appearing in the liver after a-GalCer treatment expressed NK1.1, NK1.1 1 rather than NK1.1 À , g/d T cells are probably responsible for the elimination of L. monocytogenes.NK1.1 1 cells had been considered to play a pivotal role in protection against L. monocytogenes infection, because they produce IFN-g immediately after infection [79][80][81][82] and because severe combined immunodeficient mice control listeriosis effectively in the beginning [83]. However, we found that resistance of mice against L. monocytogenes was enhanced by NK-cell depletion, arguing against a protective role of NK cells in listeriosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Retracted: α‐GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr‐1⁺ cells into the liver

Emoto

Yoshizawa

et al. 2010

Eur J Immunol

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a-Galactosylceramide (a-GalCer) activates invariant (i)NKT cells, which in turn stimulate immunocompetent cells. Although activation of iNKT cells appears critical for regulation of immune responses, it remains elusive whether protection against intracellular bacteria can be induced by a-GalCer. Here, we show that a-GalCer treatment ameliorates murine listeriosis, and inhibits inflammation following Listeria monocytogenes infection. Liver infiltration of Gr-1 1 cells and c/d T cells was accelerated by a-GalCer treatment. Gr-1 1 cell and c/d T-cell depletion exacerbated listeriosis in a-GalCer-treated mice, and this effect was more pronounced after depletion of Gr-1 1 cells than that of c/d T cells. Although GM-CSF and IL-17 were secreted by NKT cells after a-GalCer treatment, liver infiltration of Gr-1 1 cells was not prevented by neutralizing mAb. In parallel to the numerical increase of CD11b 1 Gr-1 1 cells in the liver following a-GalCer treatment, CD11b À Gr-1 1 cells were numerically reduced in the bone marrow. In addition, respiratory burst in Gr-1 1 cells was enhanced by a-GalCer treatment. Our results indicate that a-GalCer-induced antibacterial immunity is caused, in part, by accelerated infiltration of Gr-1 1 cells and to a lesser degree of c/d T cells into the liver. We also suggest that the infiltration of Gr-1 1 cells is caused by an accelerated supply from the bone marrow.Key words: a-galactosylceramide . L. monocytogenes . NKT cell Supporting Information available online IntroductionListeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, which causes disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts [1]. Experimental murine listeriosis is instrumental in elucidating host defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria. Cells of the innate immune system play a pivotal role as a first line of defense against L. monocytogenes [2-5] and among these, Gr-1 1 cells are central for the elimination of this pathogen at early stages of infection [6][7][8]. Numerous cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, and SCF promote granulopoiesis by themselves and/or in concert with G-CSF [9,10]. G-CSF is indispensable for both steady-state and emergency granulopoiesis [11][12][13][14], and IL-17 regulates G-CSF secretion [9,10,[15][16][17][18]. In addition to Gr-1 1 cells, g/d T cells also participate in early protection against 1328L. monocytogenes infection [19][20][21][22]. The vast majority of L. monocytogenes organisms are trapped in the liver immediately after systemic infection [23] and hence, immunocompetent cells that reside in, and/or migrate into, the liver are critical for infection control.NKT cells represent a unique subset of T lymphocytes, which are characterized by the co-expression of NK cell markers such as NKR-P1B/C (NK1.1; CD161) [24]. In the mouse, the majority of NKT cells express an invariant (i) TCR composed of Va14/Ja18 gene segments, i.e. iNKT cells [24]. In contrast to conventional T cells, which recognize peptide antigens presented by polymorphic MHC ...

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“…CD4 and CD8 T cells are important for conferring sterilizing immunity since SCID mice develop a chronic infection [3,4]. While both CD4 and CD8 T cells contribute to protective immunity, in vivo depletion and adoptive transfer studies have clearly demonstrated that memory CD8 T cells are the most effective T cell subset capable of mediating protection [55,56].…”

Section: Cd4 and Cd8 T Cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and adaptive immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes: a short overview

Zenewicz

Shen

2007

Microbes and Infection

178

172

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The Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a model pathogen for elucidating important mechanisms of the immune response. Infection of mice with a sub-lethal dose of bacteria generates highly reproducible innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in clearance of the bacteria and resistance to subsequent L. monocytogenes infection. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems are crucial to the recognition and elimination of this pathogen from the host.

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Natural Immunity: A T‐Cell‐Independent Pathway of Macrophage Activation, Defined in the scid Mouse

Cited by 285 publications

References 68 publications

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Retracted: α‐GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr‐1⁺ cells into the liver

Innate and adaptive immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes: a short overview

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Natural Immunity: A T‐Cell‐Independent Pathway of Macrophage Activation, Defined in the scid Mouse

Cited by 285 publications

References 68 publications

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Invariant Vα14+ NKT Cells Participate in the Early Response to EntericListeria monocytogenesInfection

Retracted: α‐GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells into the liver

Innate and adaptive immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes: a short overview

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Retracted: α‐GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr‐1⁺ cells into the liver