Natural inactivation of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            in anaerobic and reduced groundwater

Lisle, John T.

doi:10.1111/jam.13126

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This lack of compliance with the total coliform criterion was the most significant operational issue identified during KRASR testing. Recent work by Lisle (2016) demonstrates inactivation of Escherichia coli under sulfate‐reducing conditions of the UFA and APPZ occurs after a few weeks of storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for Ecosystem Restoration: Kissimmee River ASR System, Florida

Mirecki

2022

Groundwater

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Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a major water storage and management component in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In south Florida, the high permeabilities of Eocene and Oligocene marine limestones, with a thick overlying confining unit are a well‐suited for ASR. The Kissimmee River ASR (KRASR) system, located at the confluence of the Kissimmee River and Lake Okeechobee, was a CERP “pilot system” to evaluate ASR feasibility at interior locations. Four recharge‐storage‐recovery cycles of increasing duration and volume were completed between 2009 and 2013. The largest and longest cycle resulted in 1 billion gallons recharged and recovered through a single well. The surface water pretreatment system at KRASR was unique compared to drinking water ASR systems. Surface water was pumped through a pressurized media filter then disinfected using flow‐through UV chambers prior to recharge. No chemicals were added during pretreatment. Many studies were completed during the testing program. A geotechnical evaluation confirmed that microfracturing of the limestone could occur at pressures slightly greater than typical operating pressures (30 to 50 psi), but microfractures were unlikely to propagate upward into the confining unit. The changing redox environment of the Upper Floridan Aquifer showed that arsenic was mobilized during recharge but was attenuated during storage and recovery such that arsenic concentrations in recovered water were below the 10 μg/L criterion after cycle test 1. Frequent sampling of recharge water showed that the UV disinfection system was ineffective resulting in total coliform exceedances. The KRASR pretreatment system is being redesigned to improve regulatory compliance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for Ecosystem Restoration: Kissimmee River ASR System, Florida

Mirecki

2022

Groundwater

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“…A previous study on the inactivation of E. coli (i.e. loss of culturability) in diffusion chambers during exposure to groundwater in the UFA and Avon Park Permeable Zone (APPZ) of the Floridan Aquifer, demonstrated the geochemical conditions in both aquifer zones produced inactivation rates 21-fold greater than those derived from studies using oxygenated groundwater with positive redox potentials and no detectable sulphides (Lisle, 2016). These enhanced inactivation rates were proposed to be induced by exposure to the anaerobic and reduced groundwater, which resulted in levels of physiological stress and/or injury from which the E. coli cells could not recover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp.) have been shown to be inactivated during exposure to native groundwater in aquifer storage zones at MAR facilities (Page et al, 2010(Page et al, , 2015Sidhu et al, 2010;Toze et al, 2010), including E. coli in the Floridan Aquifer (Lisle, 2016). When considering the risk to human health from consumption or exposure to water recovered from storage zones at ASR facilities in Florida, it is important to understand if microorganisms of regulatory interest are inactivated during exposure to geochemical conditions during storage in the aquifer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural inactivation of MS2, poliovirus type 1 and Cryptosporidium parvum in an anaerobic and reduced aquifer

Lisle

Lukasik

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims:The study of microbial inactivation rates in aquifer systems has most often been determined in aerobic and oxidized systems. This study examined the inactivation (i.e. loss of infectivity) of MS2, poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and Cryptosporidium parvum in an anaerobic and reduced groundwater system that has been identified as storage zones for aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) facilities.Methods and Results: Anaerobic and reduced (ORP < − 250 mV) groundwater from an artesian well was diverted to an above-ground, flow-through mesocosm that contained diffusion chambers filled with MS2, PV1 or Cryptosporidium parvum. The respective infectivity assays were performed on microorganisms recovered from the diffusion chambers during 30-to 58-day experiments. The net reduction in infectivity was 5.73 log 10 over 30 days for MS2, 5.00 log 10 over 58 days for PV1 and 4.07 log 10 over 37 days for C. parvum. The best fit inactivation model for PV1 was the loglinear model and the Weibull model for MS2 and C. parvum, with respective inactivation rates (95% confidence interval) of 0.19 (0.17-0.21) log 10 day −1 , 0.31 (0.19-0.89) log 10 day −1 and 0.20 (0.14-0.37) log 10 day −1 . Conclusions:The groundwater geochemical conditions in this aquifer enhanced the inactivation of MS2, PV1, and C. parvum at rates approximately 2.0-5.3-fold, 1.2-17.0-fold, and 4.5-5.6-fold greater, respectively, than those from published studies that used diffusion chambers in aerobic-to-anoxic groundwater systems, with positive redox potentials. Significance and Impact of theStudy: Geochemical conditions like those in the aquifer zone in this study can naturally and significantly reduce concentrations of microbial indicators and pathogens of human health concern in injected surface water. Appropriate storage times for injected surface water could complement aboveground engineered processes for microorganism removal and inactivation (e.g. filtration, disinfection) by naturally increasing overall microorganism log-inactivation rates of ASR facilities.

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“…In fact, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), bacteriophages (e.g., MS2) and eukaryotic viruses (e.g., adenovirus, rotavirus) and encysted protozoans (e.g., Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia sp.) have been shown to be inactivated during the storage of recharged surface water in aquifer zones [10][11][12][13][14], including the Floridan Aquifer [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can inform policy regarding the value of pathogen inactivation during storage cycles at ASR facilities in the context of meeting regulatory standards and the critical need to incorporate environmental conditions into treatment trains, regulatory criteria and decision making. This study utilizes previously published pathogen inactivation rates from studies in the Upper Floridan (UF) and Avon Park Permeable Zone (APPZ) zones within the Floridan Aquifer System located in centralto-south Florida [15,16] to inform pathogen inactivation and human health risks over time in the respective ASR storage zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing ASR Treatment Practices in a Florida Aquifer through a Human Health Risk Approach

Gitter,

Mena,

Lisle

2023

IJERPH

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Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) can augment water supplies and hydrologic flows under varying climatic conditions. However, imposing drinking water regulations on ASR practices, including pre-treatment before injection into the aquifer, remains arguable. Microbial inactivation data—Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, poliovirus type 1 and Cryptosporidium parvum—were used in a human health risk assessment to identify how the storage time of recharged water in the Floridan Aquifer enhances pathogen inactivation, thereby mitigating the human health risks associated with ingestion. We used a quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate the risks for a gastrointestinal infection (GI) and the associated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per person per year. The risk of developing a GI infection for drinking water no longer exceeded the suggested annual risk threshold (1 × 10−4) by days 31, 1, 52 and 80 for each pathogen, respectively. DALYs per person per year no longer exceeded the World Health Organization threshold (1 × 10−6) by days 27, <1, 43 and 72. In summary, storage time in the aquifer yields a significant reduction in health risk. The findings emphasize that considering microbial inactivation, caused by storage time and geochemical conditions within ASR storage zones, is critical for recharge water treatment processes.

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Natural inactivation of Escherichia coli in anaerobic and reduced groundwater

Abstract: Aquifer recharge zones with geochemical characteristics observed in this study complement above-ground engineered processes (e.g. filtration, disinfection), while increasing the overall indicator micro-organism log-reduction rate of a facility.

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for Ecosystem Restoration: Kissimmee River ASR System, Florida

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for Ecosystem Restoration: Kissimmee River ASR System, Florida

Natural inactivation of MS2, poliovirus type 1 and Cryptosporidium parvum in an anaerobic and reduced aquifer

Informing ASR Treatment Practices in a Florida Aquifer through a Human Health Risk Approach

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