Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Freitas, Yannara Barbosa Nogueira; Souza, Celeste da Silva Freitas de; Magalhães, Jamille Maia e; Sousa, Maressa Laíse Reginaldo de; d’Escoffier, Luiz Ney; Valle, Tânia Zaverucha do; Gonçalves, Teresa Cristina Monte; Gil-Santana, Hélcio R.; Kazimoto, Thais Aaparecida; Ámora, Sthenia Santos Albano

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0088-2017

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Canine cases preceded human infections with T. cruzi in northwest Argentina in the context of house reinfestation and transmission resurgence [14]. Dogs have increasingly been used as sentinels of (peri)domestic transmission of T. cruzi across the Americas [11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In rural areas, domestic dogs frequently roam into sylvatic areas and may become exposed to other sources of infection than humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impact of a ten-year intervention program on human and canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2021

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Background Interruption of domestic vector-borne transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi is still an unmet goal in several American countries. In 2007 we launched a long-term intervention program aimed to suppress house infestation with the main domestic vector in southern South America (Triatoma infestans) and domestic transmission in Pampa del Indio, a resource-constrained, hyperendemic municipality with 1446 rural houses inhabited by Creole and indigenous people, in the Argentine Chaco ecoregion. Here, we assessed whether the 10-year insecticide-based program combined with community mobilization blocked vector-borne domestic transmission of T. cruzi to humans and dogs. Methods We carried out two municipality-wide, cross-sectional serosurveys of humans and dogs (considered sentinel animals) during 2016–2017 to compare with baseline data. We used a risk-stratified random sampling design to select 273 study houses; 410 people from 180 households and 492 dogs from 151 houses were examined for antibodies to T. cruzi using at least two serological methods. Results The seroprevalence of T. cruzi in children aged <16 years was 2.5% in 2017 (i.e., 4- to 11-fold lower than before interventions). The mean annual force of child infection (λ) sharply decreased from 2.18 to 0.34 per 100 person-years in 2017. One of 102 children born after interventions was seropositive for T. cruzi; he had lifetime residence in an apparently uninfested house, no outside travel history, and his mother was T. cruzi-seropositive. No incident case was detected among 114 seronegative people of all ages re-examined serologically. Dog seroprevalence was 3.05%. Among native dogs, λ in 2016 (1.21 per 100 dog-years) was 5 times lower than at program onset. Six native adult dogs born after interventions and with stable lifetime residence were T. cruzi-seropositive: three had exposure to T. infestans at their houses and one was an incident case. Conclusions These results support the interruption of vector-borne transmission of T. cruzi to humans in rural Pampa del Indio. Congenital transmission was the most likely source of the only seropositive child born after interventions. Residual transmission to dogs was likely related to transient infestations and other transmission routes. Sustained vector control supplemented with human chemotherapy can lead to a substantial reduction of Chagas disease transmission in the Argentine Chaco.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impact of a ten-year intervention program on human and canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Argentine Chaco

et al. 2021

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“…This is due to our proposal of maintaining a high value of specificity for not to diagnose false positive animals, a necessary property for a serodiagnostic test. Before moving to the field, the specificity in the recognition of recombinant proteins should be analyzed using sera from animals infected by other pathogens that coexist with Leishmania (Maggi and Kramer, 2019) including the study of cross-reactivity with dogs infected with T. cruzi (Roque et al, 2013; Freitas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the serodiagnosis of canine Leishmania infantum infection in geographical areas of Brazil with different disease prevalence

Ramírez

Moura

Mateus

et al. 2020

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Serodiagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs relies on the detection of antibodies against leishmanial crude extracts or parasitic defined antigens. The expansion of canine leishmaniasis from geographical areas of Brazil in which the infection is endemic to regions in which the disease is emerging is occurring. This fact makes necessary the analysis of the serodiagnostic capabilities of different leishmanial preparations in distinct geographical locations. In this article sera from dogs infected with Leishmania and showing the clinical form of the disease, were collected in three distinct Brazilian States and were tested against soluble leishmanial antigens or seven parasite individual antigens produced as recombinant proteins. We show that the recognition of soluble leishmanial antigens by sera from these animals was influenced by the geographical location of the infected dogs. Efficacy of the diagnosis based on this crude parasite preparation was higher in newly endemic regions when compared with areas of high disease endemicity. We also show that the use of three of the recombinant proteins, namely parasite surface kinetoplastid membrane protein of 11 kDa (KMP-11), and two members of the P protein family (P2a and P0), can improve the degree of sensitivity without adversely affecting the specificity of the diagnostic assays for canine leishmaniasis, independently of the geographical area of residence. In addition, sera from dogs clinically healthy but infected were also assayed with some of the antigen preparations. We demonstrate that the use of these proteins can help to the serodiagnosis of Leishmania infected animals with subclinical infections. Finally, we propose a diagnostic protocol using a combination of KMP-11, P2a y P0, together with total leishmanial extracts.

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“…The most affected countries in South America are Brazil (174,194.22 DALYs), followed by Venezuela (27,037.40 DALYs), and Argentina (23,552.58 DALYs); Uruguay being the least affected (350.72 DALYs) based on the estimations of the Global Burden of Diseases [41]. Concerning Chagas in pets, there were a few studies of seroprevalence of Chagas in dogs in Latin America such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela but none in Paraguay [42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Several other mammals are a potential reservoir of Chagas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 43,193 citations between 2000 and 2019 and excluded 43,018 by title and abstract screening, according to the exclusion criteria. We fully assessed 175 articles, resulting in 55 eligible manuscripts that were included in the qualitative synthesis (Fig 1).…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of zoonoses in Paraguay: A systematic review

2021

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Introduction Underestimation of zoonoses is exacerbated in low and middle-income countries due mainly to inequalities with serious consequences in healthcare. This is difficult to gauge and reduce the impact of those diseases. Our study focuses on Paraguay, where the livestock industry is one of the major components of the country’s economy. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to develop a case study in Paraguay to estimate the dual impact of zoonotic diseases on both the human health and animal health sector and thus determine the societal burden of such diseases. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a systemic review (including a meta-analysis) to assess the burden of zoonoses in Paraguay, including official reports and grey literature of disease incidence and prevalence. We estimated the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Zoonosis Disability Adjusted Life Years (zDALYs) to measure the difference between the current health status and the desired health situation of animals and the Paraguayan population based on 50 zoonotic diseases suggested by the WHO (World Health Organization), OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) and the National Health in Paraguay. The total DALYs represent 19,384 (95% CI: from 15,805 to 29,733), and zDALYs, 62,178 (95% CI: from 48,696 to 77,188). According to the results, the priority pathogens for DALYs are E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp, and Toxoplasma gondii. When we include the additional animal health burden, the most important pathogens are Brucella spp, E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Fasciola hepatica for zDALYs. Conclusion/Significance This is the first study to integrate DALYs and zDALYs with important clues related to the health status of Paraguay. Through DALYs and zDALYs, our perspective becomes more complete because we consider not only human health but also animal health. This is important for setting priorities in disease control, especially in a society where livestock contribute significantly to the economy and to human well-being.

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Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Abstract: This study demonstrated the movement of T. cruzi in the studied area, by the presence of vectors and naturally infected domestic reservoirs. The mapping of the studied rural area demonstrates the risk of disease transmission.

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Long-term impact of a ten-year intervention program on human and canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Argentine Chaco

Long-term impact of a ten-year intervention program on human and canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Argentine Chaco

Improving the serodiagnosis of canine Leishmania infantum infection in geographical areas of Brazil with different disease prevalence

The burden of zoonoses in Paraguay: A systematic review

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