Natural infection of parvovirus in wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) reveals extant viral localization in kidneys

Abstract

Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), a viral species containing feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) variants, are widely spread among domestic and wild carnivores causing systemic fatal diseases. Wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus), a globally vulnerable species, have been found dead. Postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed lesions in intestine, spleen and kidney. CPPV-1 antigen identification in these tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), supported the infection by the virus. PCR- and IHC-positivity in kidney tissues revealed atypical localization of the virus while in situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the pop-off technique confirmed the first description of viral localization in kidneys. Complete genome characterization and deduced amino acid analysis of the obtained CPPV-1 from the fishing cats revealed FPV as a causative agent. The detected FPV sequences showed amino acid mutations at I566M and M569R in the capsid protein. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of complete coding genome sequences revealed that the fishing cat CPPV-1 genomes are genetically clustered to the FPV genomes isolated from domestic cats in Thailand. Since the 1970s, these genomes have also been shown to share a genetic evolution with Chinese FPV strains. This study is the first evidence of CPPV-1 infection in fishing cats and it is the first to show its localization in the kidneys. These findings support the multi-host range of this parvovirus and suggest fatal CPPV-1 infections may result in other vulnerable wild carnivores.

Epizootic reptilian ferlavirus infection in individual and multiple snake colonies with additional evidence of the virus in the male genital tract

“…1 from colony E), were subjected to TEM with a modified pop-off technique as previously described 40 , 41 . The TEM samples were prepared and double stained as previously published 40 , 41 . The sections were then examined using TEM (HT7800; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) operated at 80 kV.…”

Japanese encephalitis virus infection in meerkats (Suricata suricatta)

“…No immunolabelling signal was presented in the negative control slide (Figure S1). To additionally confirm the IHC results, lung sections of meerkat no.1 were subjected to ultrastructural investigation using TEM with modified pop-off technique (Piewbang et al, 2021).…”

“…To additionally confirm the IHC results, lung sections of meerkat no.1 were subjected to ultrastructural investigation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with modified pop-off technique (Piewbang et al, 2020(Piewbang et al, ,2021.…”

Canine bocavirus-2 infection and its possible association with encephalopathy in domestic dogs

“…Samples containing red dots marked localization of the virus and were considered positive. Incubation with a feline panleukopenia virus probe [ 38 ] rather than the CBoV probe was used as a negative control. A CBoV-2-negative brain section incubated with a CBoV-2 probe was used as an additional negative control.…”

“…To support the PCR and ISH evidence of CBoV in brain tissue, virus particles in two CBoV-positive brain sections were analyzed using TEM and a modified pop-off technique, as previously described [ 27 , 38 ]. The sections were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide prior to the TEM (HT7800; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) study at 80 kV.…”