Natural Infection of Wild Canids (Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus) with the Intraendothelial Piroplasm Rangelia vitalii in Southern Brazil

Fredo, Gabriela; Bianchi, Matheus Viezzer; Andrade, Caroline Pinto de; Souza, Suyene Oltramari de; Leite-Filho, Ronaldo Viana; Bandinelli, Marcele Bettim; Amorim, Derek Blaese de; Driemeier, David; Sonne, Luciana

doi:10.7589/2014-12-283

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[ 21 , 22 , 67 ]). Although some Piroplasms are thought to lack a liver stage [ 20 , 68 ], a number of studies have reported the presence of Babesia , Rangelia , or Cytauxzoon parasites within the endothelial cells of the liver, among other tissues [ 23 , 69 – 71 ]. The liver may thus represent a critical opportunity for PPIPs to ameliorate the effects of Plasmodium and Piroplasm infection on the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High rate of adaptation of mammalian proteins that interact with Plasmodium and related parasites

et al. 2017

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Plasmodium parasites, along with their Piroplasm relatives, have caused malaria-like illnesses in terrestrial mammals for millions of years. Several Plasmodium-protective alleles have recently evolved in human populations, but little is known about host adaptation to blood parasites over deeper evolutionary timescales. In this work, we analyze mammalian adaptation in ~500 Plasmodium- or Piroplasm- interacting proteins (PPIPs) manually curated from the scientific literature. We show that (i) PPIPs are enriched for both immune functions and pleiotropy with other pathogens, and (ii) the rate of adaptation across mammals is significantly elevated in PPIPs, compared to carefully matched control proteins. PPIPs with high pathogen pleiotropy show the strongest signatures of adaptation, but this pattern is fully explained by their immune enrichment. Several pieces of evidence suggest that blood parasites specifically have imposed selection on PPIPs. First, even non-immune PPIPs that lack interactions with other pathogens have adapted at twice the rate of matched controls. Second, PPIP adaptation is linked to high expression in the liver, a critical organ in the parasite life cycle. Finally, our detailed investigation of alpha-spectrin, a major red blood cell membrane protein, shows that domains with particularly high rates of adaptation are those known to interact specifically with P. falciparum. Overall, we show that host proteins that interact with Plasmodium and Piroplasm parasites have experienced elevated rates of adaptation across mammals, and provide evidence that some of this adaptation has likely been driven by blood parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High rate of adaptation of mammalian proteins that interact with Plasmodium and related parasites

et al. 2017

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“…Rangelia vitalii has been detected in sylvatic Brazilian canids since 2014 when Soares et al (2014) detected, by PCR, nine C. thous positive for R. vitalii. Subsequently, this parasite was also found in L. gymnocercus (QUADROS et al, 2015;FREDO et al, 2015). The first detection of this protozoan in wild canids was described by Ruas et al (2003), who initially identified the parasite as Babesia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rangelia vitalii and Hepatozoon canis coinfection in pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus from Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Silva

Mattoso

Costa³

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Rangelia vitalii is a haemoparasite that infects erythrocytes, white blood cells and the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of blood capillaries of canids in South America, and has been detected in both domestic dogs and sylvatic canids. Hepatozoon canis is a parasite that infects neutrophils and monocytes of many mammalian hosts. This study reports the infection of Lycalopex gymnocercus from Santa Catarina, Brazil, with R. vitalii and H. canis. The piroplasm was observed on both blood smears and molecular tests. Many large piroplasms were detected inside the erythrocytes, with round, oval, or teardrop-shaped organism, that occurred singly or in pairs. They had an abundant, pale blue cytoplasm and decentral dark red small nucleus. The animal was also infected with H. canis that was detected only by molecular tests. The majority of haematological and biochemistry parameters were within the reference values for domestic dog and wild canids.

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“…Co-infection with canine distemper virus. [ 73 ] Pampas fox ( Lycalopex gymnocercus ) 0/4 PCR R. vitalii Brazil W [ 11 ] (1/1) PCR R. vitalii Brazil W Mucosae were moderately pale. Spleen with moderate follicle hyperplasia and extramedullary hematopoiesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation

2016

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Piroplasmids are tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect blood cells (erythrocytes, lymphocytes or other leukocytes) or endothelial cells of numerous wild and domestic vertebrates worldwide. They cause severe disease in livestock, dogs, cats, wild mammals and, occasionally, in humans. Piroplasmid infections are prevalent in wild carnivores worldwide although there is limited information about their clinical and epidemiological importance. There are currently nine recognized species of Babesia, two of Theileria, two of Cytauxzoon and one of Rangelia infecting captive and wild carnivores, including members of Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Hyaenidae and Herpestidae in the Americas, Eurasia and Africa. However, the number of piroplasmid species is likely higher than currently accepted due to the reported existence of DNA sequences that may correspond to new species and the lack of studies on many host species and biogeographical areas. Indeed, many species have been recognized in the last few years with the advancement of molecular analyses. Disease and mortality have been documented in some wild carnivores, whereas other species appear to act as natural, subclinical reservoirs. Various factors (e.g. unnatural hosts, stress due to captivity, habitat degradation, climate fluctuation or immunosuppression) have been associated with disease susceptibility to piroplasmid infections in some species in captivity. We aimed to review the current knowledge on the epidemiology of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores and associated tick vectors. Emphasis is given to the role of wild carnivores as reservoirs of clinical piroplasmosis for domestic dogs and cats, and to the importance of piroplasmids as disease agents for endangered carnivores.

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Natural Infection of Wild Canids (Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex gymnocercus) with the Intraendothelial Piroplasm Rangelia vitalii in Southern Brazil

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

High rate of adaptation of mammalian proteins that interact with Plasmodium and related parasites

High rate of adaptation of mammalian proteins that interact with Plasmodium and related parasites

Rangelia vitalii and Hepatozoon canis coinfection in pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus from Santa Catarina State, Brazil

A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation

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