Natural Magnesium-Enriched Deep-Sea Water Improves Insulin Resistance and the Lipid Profile of Prediabetic Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Crossover Trial

Abstract

Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the antidiabetic effect of balanced deep-sea water (BDSW) works through the suppression of hyperglycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance. Based on these promising results, we conducted an eight week randomized, double-blinded crossover trial of the effects of BDSW in prediabetic adults. The subjects consumed 440 mL of BDSW (hardness 4000) per day, and maintained an otherwise normal lifestyle and diet throughout. Efficacy assessments were made by measuring fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid metabolism indicators, and physical metrics, along with safety assessments. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values of the BDSW group were significantly lower than those of the placebo group after eight weeks of BDSW ingestion. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol were also significantly decreased in the BDSW group after eight weeks of BDSW ingestion compared with the placebo group. There were no statistically and clinically meaningful changes in adverse events, physical examination, laboratory medicine examination, or vital signs of the BDSW intake group. These results suggested that the intake of BDSW in prediabetic adults can improve glucose metabolism and lipid profiles and is safe for human consumption.

Effect of oral magnesium supplement on cardiometabolic markers in people with prediabetes: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial

“…The current study found no effect of magnesium on blood pressure. A lack of effect on blood pressure is in agreement with the findings of some RCTs 20 , 23 , 31 . Prediabetic adults receiving 350 mg of magnesium per day for 8 weeks did not have a change in blood pressure 20 .…”

“…A lack of effect on blood pressure is in agreement with the findings of some RCTs 20 , 23 , 31 . Prediabetic adults receiving 350 mg of magnesium per day for 8 weeks did not have a change in blood pressure 20 . Another study reported that long-term magnesium supplementation (350 mg daily for 24 weeks) did not change office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure levels in overweight and obese adults 31 .…”

“…The positive effect on HDL-cholesterol is consistent with several, but not all, RCTs investigating effects of magnesium supplementation 14 , 20 – 23 . In prediabetic patients with hypomagnesemia it was shown that magnesium (382 mg for 4 months) increased HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly 14 .…”

Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…Ham and Shon (2020) conducted an RCT in which they evaluated the 8-week administration of deep-sea water enriched with Mg versus placebo in 74 individuals with prediabetes. Following the intervention, the authors recorded a significant reduction in LDL-C ( p = 0.003) and TC ( p = 0.006), but HDL-C and TG remained unchanged [ 87 ]. However, in their RCT, Cosaro et al (2014) detected no benefits of Mg supplementation in terms of TC, LDL-C, or TG reduction and HDL-C elevation in a small study group of 7 males aged 23–33 years who had a positive family history for T2DM/MetS versus 7 healthy controls [ 88 ].…”

“…Overall, the vast majority of the analyzed RCTs reported no variations in HDL-C (n = 19), LDL-C (n = 16), TG (n = 17), TC (n = 14), TC/HDL-C (n = 4), VLDL (n = 2), or LDL-C/HDL-C (n = 1). However, some RCTs reported elevations of the HDL-C (n = 8), apoA1 (n = 1), or HDL-C/TG (n = 1), as well as reductions in LDL-C (n = 7), TC (n = 4), TG (n = 7), TC/HDL-C (n = 2), or VLDL (n = 3) in the participants exposed to the Mg intervention [ 13 , 14 , 18 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 53 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 99 , 105 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 123 ].…”