Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.

A cytotoxic survey on 2‐amino‐1H‐imidazol based synthetic marine sponge alkaloid analogues

“…Another sponge compound, (−)‐Agelasidine A also demonstrated Annexin V+ apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with 35 µM for 24 h (Lu et al, 2022 ). Other sponge alkaloids such as, Hemimycalin C, Hemimycalin D, and Hemimycalin E were recently reviewed as antiproliferative agents in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT‐116 with 18.6, 17.1, and 8.6 µM IC 50 values, respectively (Han et al, 2022 ).…”

Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Extract Improves Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells without Cytotoxicity to Normal Cells In Vitro

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ph15121575/s1, Figure S1: 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of aaptamine.…”

“…Ethyl acetate extract from the marine sponge Stylissa carteri was reported to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells [12]. Sponge-derived natural products such as hemimycalin C, D, E, and manzamine A show antiproliferation against colon cancer cells [13]. Accordingly, several extracts and bioactive components of marine sponges exhibit anticancer effects.…”

Meroterpenoids from Marine Sponge Hyrtios sp. and Their Anticancer Activity against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…Marine sponges, being a significant reservoir of natural marine products [14], exhibit an annual average production of over 200 novel compounds [15], with a notable abundance in meroterpenoids which display various biological activities, such as anti-tumor [16], anti-inflammation [17], anti-microbial [18], anti-oxidant [19], anti-leishmanial [20] and enzyme inhibitory [21] activities. Meroterpenoids from marine sponges exert anti-tumor effects by arresting the cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, and inhibiting invasion and metastasis [22,23].…”