2021
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604040
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Natural Medicines for the Treatment of Epilepsy: Bioactive Components, Pharmacology and Mechanism

Abstract: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can cause temporary brain dysfunction as a result of sudden abnormal discharge of the brain neurons. The seizure mechanism of epilepsy is closely related to the neurotransmitter imbalance, synaptic recombination, and glial cell proliferation. In addition, epileptic seizures can lead to mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and the disorder of sugar degradation. Although the mechanism of epilepsy research has reached up to the genetic level, the presently available treatment… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(34 citation statements)
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References 123 publications
(121 reference statements)
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“…In addition, intestinal microflora disorder may be caused by regulating immune and inflammatory responses, changing nutrient metabolism, activating and improving microglia and astrocyte functions, changing vagal nerve activity, and reducing neuroactive substances in limbic system such as hippocampus [such as brain-derived neurotrophin (neurotrophic factor)] increased the risk and susceptibility of epilepsy ( Vuong et al, 2017 ). Therefore, it is believed that the intestinal flora may be a target for RE treatment ( De Caro et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2021 ). The gut-brain bidirectional axis and the underlying mechanism of KD-based therapy targeting gut microbiome in in vivo animal models and clinical studies in neurological diseases have been reviewed ( Rawat et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Gut Microbiota and Epilepsymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, intestinal microflora disorder may be caused by regulating immune and inflammatory responses, changing nutrient metabolism, activating and improving microglia and astrocyte functions, changing vagal nerve activity, and reducing neuroactive substances in limbic system such as hippocampus [such as brain-derived neurotrophin (neurotrophic factor)] increased the risk and susceptibility of epilepsy ( Vuong et al, 2017 ). Therefore, it is believed that the intestinal flora may be a target for RE treatment ( De Caro et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2021 ). The gut-brain bidirectional axis and the underlying mechanism of KD-based therapy targeting gut microbiome in in vivo animal models and clinical studies in neurological diseases have been reviewed ( Rawat et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Gut Microbiota and Epilepsymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some natural herbs interact with anti-epileptic drugs then enhance the anti-convulsive effects were reported. There are few studies investigated the herbdrug interactions and the possible mechanisms (Pearl et al, 2011;He et al, 2021). In a PTZ-induced seizure mice model, Nobiletin and Clonazepam reduce seizure severity by regulating the balance of glutamate and GABA, modulating GABA A and GAD 65, inhibiting apoptosis, inhibiting BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (Yang et al, 2018).…”
Section: Herb-drug Interactionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Though the causes of epilepsy are not totally clear, some possible mechanisms of epilepsy are proposed in many studies. Neurotransmitters, synapses, receptors, ion channels, inflammatory cytokines, immune systems, glial cells, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, gene mutations, glycogen and glucocorticoids metabolisms are involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy (He et al, 2021). Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is inhibitory neurotransmitter, and glutamate is excitatory one.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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