Natural Melanin Nanoparticle‐decorated Screen‐printed Carbon Electrode: Performance Test for Amperometric Determination of Hexavalent Chromium as Model Trace

Abstract

A biosensor was prepared with natural melanin nanoparticles (MNP) decorated on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Hexavalent chromium was selected as a well‐known heavy metal ion to be detected for testing the performance of novel biosensor. Natural MNP was extracted from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) ink. Surface decoration of SPCEs with MNP was performed by two different methods. The first one was layer‐by‐layer assembly (LBL‐A) for different cycle times(n). In the second one, plasma treatment of SPCE incorporated with evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EI‐SA) techniques including different incubation times in MNP solutions. The performance of both modified SPCEs were tested for amperometric detection of Cr(VI) in various water samples, and peak reduction of Cr(VI) was determined at 0.33 V. Amperometric results showed wide linear ranges of 0.1–2 μM and 0.1–5 μM of Cr(VI) for SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA, respectively. The sensitivities of SPCEs modified with 14n‐LBL‐A and 12h‐EI‐SA techniques were 0.27 μA μM−1 and 0.52 μA μM−1, respectively. In addition, both modified SPCEs selectively detected Cr(VI) in a model aqueous system composed of certain other heavy metals and minerals, and tap and lake water samples. The LOD and LOQ values for 12h‐EI‐SA were 0.03 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. This showed that MNP‐modified‐SPCEs generated via EI‐SA techniques have the potential to be an alternative to conventional detection methods such as ICP‐MS.

An overview of Structured Biosensors for Metal Ions Determination

“…The association of this strategy with electrochemical transducers significantly lowered the detection limits, especially when stripping voltammetry was employed for the determination of elements [17,46,47]. The coordination of metal ions with proteins [74], aminoacids [17,[75][76][77][78][79], synthetized peptides [70], hormones (melatonine [80] and oxytocin [7]), DNA strands [17,46,[81][82][83], and a neurotransmitter (neurokinin B [38]) were exploited to achieve detection limits as low as 0.80 ag L −1 [81]. The selected articles regarding this mechanism are displayed in Table 1.…”

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Monitoring of Chromium

“…Recently, natural melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) have been utilized in biosensors elaboration as a green alternative to metal oxide and metallic nanoparticles [ 132 ]. Indeed, Gizem Kaleli-Can et al [ 133 ] have described the elaboration of a new amperometric biosensor based upon the modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by natural MNPs destined for Cr(VI) monitoring in water samples. SPCEs have been decorated by MNPs via layer-by-layer assembly (LBL-A) method for different cycle times and evaporation induced self-assembly technique (EI-SA).…”

Accelerating Wound Healing with Combinatorial Therapy Using Natural Melanin Nanoparticle‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend and Core‐Sheath Hybrid Nanofibers under UV‐A Irradiation

“…[30][31][32] MNPs are biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable pigments found in many living organisms and plants such as bacteria, fungi, black tea leaves, chestnut shell, catfish, and squid (Sepia officinalis) ink. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Due to their significant photosensitizer and photoprotective properties, melanin nanoparticles are also known as "double-edged swords". [40] Melanin pigmentation in cells and tissues is remarkably important, especially for humans, because of its photoprotective, free radical scavenging, excited state quenching, and redox-active metal ion chelating properties.…”