Natural Mode of Transmission of the Bovine C Type Leukemia Virus (BLV)

Ferrer, Jorge F.; Piper, Charles E.; Abt, D. A.; Marshak, Robert R.; Bhatt, Diane M.

doi:10.1159/000399138

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Perinatal or postnatal transmission of BLV frequently happens in herd conditions. The rate of transmission in utero varies between 4 and 18% [32–34], with highest risk in calves born from cows with PL [35]. Although BLV transmission has been postulated to occur from cow to calves via milk, this route of infection was only demonstrated experimentally [36–38].…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Bovine Leukemia Virus: Lessons for HTLV

Rodríguez

Florins

Gillet

et al. 2011

Viruses

176

126

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). BLV is a major animal health problem worldwide causing important economic losses. A series of attempts were developed to reduce prevalence, chiefly by eradication of infected cattle, segregation of BLV-free animals and vaccination. Although having been instrumental in regions such as the EU, these strategies were unsuccessful elsewhere mainly due to economic costs, management restrictions and lack of an efficient vaccine. This review, which summarizes the different attempts previously developed to decrease seroprevalence of BLV, may be informative for management of HTLV-1 infection. We also propose a new approach based on competitive infection with virus deletants aiming at reducing proviral loads.

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Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Bovine Leukemia Virus: Lessons for HTLV

Rodríguez

Florins

Gillet

et al. 2011

Viruses

176

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, according to previous reports, almost all calves that are infected with BLV immediately after birth are likely to develop into PL (Agresti et. al., 1993), and probability of BLV transmission in utero is around 4% to 18% (Ferrer et. al., 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzootic bovine leukosis accompanied by splenomegaly in an 8-month-old calf

Okada¹,

Tagawa²,

Wada³

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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In this report, an 8-month-old calf (crossbred, Holstein × Japanese Black) developed fever and accompanied abomasum displacement. Blood chemical test showed remarkably high values of white blood cell count and heteromorphic lymphocytes. In pathological appraisal, enlarged splenomegaly and swelling of the lymph nodes were observed. Histopathological examination revealed invasion of tumor cells derived from B1 cells into systemic lymph nodes, liver and spleen. The provirus loads of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was 1,439 copies per 10 ng DNA by using real time PCR. In conclusion, this case was diagnosed as bovine leukemia caused by BLV infection with a huge splenomegaly.

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“…, , 1981Chander et al,, 1978;Evermann et al . , 1980;Ferrer et al . , 1976;Hofirek, 1980;Mammerickx et al .…”

Section: Ageunclassified

Epidemiology of natural transmission of bovine leukemia virus infection / by Mark Cy Thurmond.

Thurmond¹

1982

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A 27-month study examined 473 dairy cattle for associations between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection and host and environmental factors. Cattle sera were tested at monthly intervals for BLV antibodies by agar-gel immunodiffusion using the glycoprotein-51 antigen. A model of BLV colostral antibody decay in 130 calves predicted infection in calves less than six months of age and estimated antibody half-life to be 27.1 ±1.2 days. Colostral antibody decay did not differ between BLV-infected and noninfected calves for slope (p = 0.45) or intercept (p = 0.43). By 95 days of age, 50% of the calves had no detectable BLV colostral antibodies. Of 125 calves born to BLV-infected cows and followed for at least four months, eight (6.4%) had precolostral BLV antibodies, as determined by radioimmunoassay using the glycoprotein-51 antigen-In utero infection with BLV was not associated with dam age (p = 0.86), dam parity (p = 0.83), breed (p = 0.66), sex (p = 0.11), or stage of gestation in which the dam was infected (p=0.50). Calves infected in utero did not pose an increased risk of infection to calves penned next to them (p = 0.61). Prevalence rates of infection were 9%, 16%, and 63% at 6, 16, and 27 months of age, respectively. Age-specific rates of infection were not associated with dam age (p = 0.79), dam parity (p=0.75), dam BLV-status (p = 0.46), breed (p = 0.86), or BLV-status of colostrum consumed (p=0.50). An algorithm was described which allocated probabilities of infection to locations occupied by an animal prior to detection of infection. Small calf pastures were associated with less infection than was the calf barn (p< 0.05). No less infection was associated with individual outdoor calf pens compared to contiguous indoor pens (p>0.05). Risk of infection associated with the dry herd was five times that for heifer pastures (p< 0.0001) and accounted 24 infections per 100 heifers per 100 days at risk. Vaccination for infectious diseases was not associated with increased BLV infection (p=0.33). Infection rates were not associated with month of birth (p = 0.24) or with season of potential arthropod vectors (p = 0.20). Heifer infection was likely to occur in late v/inter or spring (p =. 01). Interacting Computing (MUSIC) version 4.1, 197 8.

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Natural Mode of Transmission of the Bovine C Type Leukemia Virus (BLV)

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Bovine Leukemia Virus: Lessons for HTLV

Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Bovine Leukemia Virus: Lessons for HTLV

Enzootic bovine leukosis accompanied by splenomegaly in an 8-month-old calf

Epidemiology of natural transmission of bovine leukemia virus infection / by Mark Cy Thurmond.

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