Natural montan wax and its raffinates

Matthies, Lutz

doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200104)103:4<239::aid-ejlt239>3.3.co;2-r

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Just like existing vegetable hard waxes such as carnauba wax, the pure wax substance in montan wax consists mainly of esters of long-chain acids with long-chain alcohols and free long-chain acids. Other components such as free wax alcohols or ketones, paraffins or terpenes are usually present in small quantities (Matthies 2001). Wax is soluble in many organic solvents, particularly aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, even under moderate heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties

Lesar

Humar

2010

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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To cite this version:Boštjan Lesar, Miha Humar. Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, Springer Verlag, 2010, pp.231-238 Waxes are used for treatment of wood surfaces for several decades predominately as surface treatments because they weakly penetrate into the wood. In order to overcome this issue, water emulsions were applied in the present experiment. Five water emulsions of various concentrations were used, namely montan wax, polyethylene, ethylene copolymer and oxidized polyethylene wax.Performance of wax treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) against white rot, brown rot and blue stain fungi was tested. In parallel, sorption properties of wax treated wood were determined. The treated specimens were more resistant to wood decay fungi.Polyethylene and oxidized polyethylene wax were found to be particularly efficient. Although this treatment does not improve resistance to blue stain fungi, it reduces the sorption of water. Die Verwendung von Wachsemulsionen zur Verbesserung der

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties

Lesar

Humar

2010

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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“…Like existing vegetable hard waxes such as carnauba wax, the pure wax substance in montan wax mainly consists of esters of long‐chain acids with long‐chain alcohols and free long‐chain acids. Other components such as free wax alcohols or ketones, paraffins, and terpenes are usually present in small quantities 11. The wax is soluble in many organic solvents, particularly aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons, even on moderate heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption properties of wood impregnated with aqueous solution of boric acid and montan wax emulsion

Lesar

Straže

Humar

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nonbiocidal techniques for wood protection have become more and more important in the last few years. One of the possible treatments to enhance wood durability is use of water repellents. In this research, the influence of one of the possible water repellents, the montan wax emulsion, on the moisturizing and the sorption characteristics of impregnated wood was investigated. To achieve a better protection against wood decay fungi, wood was impregnated with montan wax emulsion enriched with boric acid. The equilibrium moisture content (MC) was monitored during the adsorption and the desorption processes at five levels of relative air humidity (RH 1 ¼ 20%, RH 2 ¼ 33%, RH 3 ¼ 65%, RH 4 ¼ 88%, and RH 5 ¼ 98%). Water repellence efficiency was monitored in the chamber with high RH (87%) and during dipping in the water. Impregnated samples were also exposed outdoors in a covered position for 5 months to determine MC changes according to changes in outdoor humidity and temperature. The results showed that the sorption properties of the impregnated wood are strongly related to retention of preservative solutions after impregnation and its composition. Montan wax reduced equilibrium MC of the impregnated wood up to 25% (relatively), whereas specimens impregnated with combination of montan wax and boric acid resulted in decreased MC in some cases and in increased MC in some cases. The Guggenheim-Andersen-deBoer model of sorption isotherms was fitted to experimental data to explain the sorption mechanisms.

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“…Chemically however, it is more related to the hard vegetable waxes, such as carnauba wax, than to petroleum waxes. The composition of the montan wax varies depending on the geographical area (Bennett, 1975;Matthies, 2001). …”

Section: Identity Of the Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of montan acid esters (E 912) as a food additive

2013

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of montan acid esters (E 912) when used as a food additive. Montan acids are extracted from oxidised montan wax and esterified with ethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol or triols, to form montan acid esters. Montan acid esters are authorised only for the surface treatment of fresh fruits. No data, specifically for montan acid esters, on toxicokinetics and reproductive and developmental toxicity were available. The available data on short-term and subchronic toxicity, genotoxicity and chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity were limited. Important deficiencies in the available studies on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity were noticed. The data requested in the 1990s (i.e. chromosomal aberration in vitro, reproduction and teratogenicity studies, material characteristics, impurities, presence of PAHs) were not submitted. Furthermore no data were submitted following an EFSA public call for data in 2012. The Panel identified some summary data in the European Chemicals Agency database (ECHA) on registered substances that might have been relevant for the assessment of montan acid esters but the original study reports were not made available to EFSA. Based on these limitations in the toxicological database the Panel concluded that montan acid esters as a food additive could not be evaluated. © European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSFatty acid, montan wax; montan acid wax; waxes, montan fatty acids; fatty acids, montan-wax, ethylene esters; glyceryl montanate; montan wax acid, butylene glycol montanate; 1,3-butanediol diester. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of montan acid esters (E 912) as a food additive.The Panel was not provided with a newly submitted dossier on montan acid esters and no new data were submitted following a public call for data. The present evaluation is based on previous evaluations and on additional literature that became available since then. Not all original studies on which previous evaluations were based were available for re-evaluation but the Panel had access to information submitted to the EU Scientific Committee on Food (SCF).Montan acid esters (E 912) are waxes of various chemical compositions. Montan acids are isolated from montan wax, a bituminous product extracted from lignite, and then esterified with diols such as ethylene glycol and 1,3-butylene glycol or with triols such as glycerol.The Panel noted that benzene is used as solvent in the manufacturing process. Benzene is genotoxic and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and EU as a human carcinogen.The Panel recommended that benzene should not be used for the manufacturing of montan acid esters.The Panel noted that the specifications did not ...

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Natural montan wax and its raffinates

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties

Use of wax emulsions for improvement of wood durability and sorption properties

Sorption properties of wood impregnated with aqueous solution of boric acid and montan wax emulsion

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of montan acid esters (E 912) as a food additive

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