Natural Occurrence of a Strain of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in India*)

Abstract

Vein‐clearing followed by downward rolling and necrosis of leaves and severe stunting of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) plants were caused by cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV). The virus was readily transmitted by mechanical sap inoculations to groundnut and to 10 plant species belonging to Leguminosae, Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae. Chenopodium quinoa and Beta vulgaris were good diagnostic hosts. Diseased sap remained infective at 10–3 but not 10–4, when stored 8 to 9 days at 25 °C; for 10min at 75 °C but not 80°C. In limited tests, virus was not seed‐transmitted m groundnut or soybean. Virus was transmitted by Bemisia tabaci but not by Aphis craccivora or Myzus persicae. An antiserum for CMMV was produced and virus was serologically related to CMMV reported on cowpea and groundnut crinkle virus (GCV) from West Africa. Employing carbon diffraction grating replica as a standard the modal length of virus particles to be 610 nm. Infected cells contained large number of virus particles associated with endoplasmic reticulum.

Cowpea mild mottle virus could not be detected by ELISA in soybean and groundnut seeds in Indonesia

“…However, these results together with those of the extensive study done at IITA (IITA, 1987) and the test conducted by Iizuka et al (1984) show that the general view that CMMV is seed transmitted should be reconsidered. Brunt and Kenten (1973), Iwaki et al (1982) and Thouvenel et al (1982) found seed transmission of CMMV, using other strains and other cultivars.…”

“…Iwaki et al (1982), however, found 0.9~ seed transmission in soybean (one out of 110 seeds) and Thouvenel et al (1982) found 0.5070 (one out of 200 seeds) and 8.3~ (five out of sixty seeds) for two soybean cultivars. Iizuka et al (1984) grew out 500 soybean seeds from CMMV-infected plants, but none of the seedlings showed typical disease symptoms. They also grew out 150 groundnut seeds from CMMV-infected plants, but none showed typical symptoms (Iizuka et al, 1984).…”

“…Iizuka et al (1984) grew out 500 soybean seeds from CMMV-infected plants, but none of the seedlings showed typical disease symptoms. They also grew out 150 groundnut seeds from CMMV-infected plants, but none showed typical symptoms (Iizuka et al, 1984). At the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA, Nigeria) 25 soybean genotypes were tested for seed transmission of two CMMV strains.…”

Intracellular Occurrence of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus in Two Unrelated Plant Species

“…that it now be removed from the carlavirus significance of these differences has been fully CMMV has slightly flexuous filamentous particles measuringapproximately 13 x 650nm with properties similar to those of aphid-borne carlaviruses [1,7,8]. Although the virus was originally considered to be a possible member of the Carlavirus group [1], subsequent in vestigations have shown that it is serologically unrelated to any of 12 recognized carlaviruses [9,10] and, moreover, that it is transmissible by the whitefly Bemisia tabacl [7].…”

Estimation Of Number And Genes Actions Of Cpmmv (Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus) Disease Resistance Genes On Soybean Crop

“…It was firstly reported when it infected cowpea crop in Ghana [6]. In Indonesia, its existence was firstly recorded in 1984 when it was found on soybean crops in Java [7], and the next study shows that the virus also infects peanut [8] [9]. Currently, CPMMV has been spreading in the production center of soybean crop and becoming a constraint in improving soybean production.…”