Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Staple Cereals from Ethiopia

Ayalew, Amare; Fehrmann, H.; Lepschy, J.; Beck, R. H.; Abate, Dawit

doi:10.1007/s11046-006-0027-8

Cited by 127 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This lends support to the work of Segun et al [17] who showed aflatoxin B1 to be higher in stored orunla samples from the different market in Ibadan Nigeria when compared with other toxins due to the high percentage occurrence of A.flavus. It also support to the study of Ayalen 2006, who showed aflatoxin B1 to be the most abundant and most toxic followed G1.…”

Section: Discusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This may be due to another important aspect of the mycotoxin production in foodstuff which is based on the presence or absence of compounds that inhibit the toxin synthesis as tomatoes contain polyphenols which might suppress the synthesis of such toxin [19]. The detection of aflatoxin in these samples might also be attributed to poor agronomic practices, harvesting method, handling, processing, storage and market sanitations this is in line with the work of Ayalen, and Okigbo, et al [20,21].…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…et al [22], Segun, et al [17] and Hell, et al [12] that A. flavus and A. Parasiticus are major aflatoxins producing fungi which contamination many food commodities The percentage occurence of A. flavus was highest in okra samples while that of A. parasticus was highest in tomatoe samples. This difference in the occurence of the fungi pathogens in the food products has been attributed to differences in nutrient conditions and differences in biaactive compounds in the plants [20].…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Rn¹,

Cm²

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hundred grams of each sample were collected from the four markets namely Oje, Bodiga, Shasha and Orita-merin in five replicate of 20gram in separate airtight sterile polythene bag to prevent further contamination until aflatoxin analysis was done and subsequent isolation and identification of fungi. Aflatoxins ExtractionAflatoxins was extracted from the samples as described by Hell, et al. [12] with modifications employed due to different weight and dryness of the samples. Dichloromethan was used to extract the toxin and allowed to evaporate to dryness in laminar air flow-hood chamber for 48 hours until analysed. Qualitative analysisFour micro litres of the dissolved extract were spotted on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates 20*10cm with aflatoxin standards G and I and then allowed to develop in a tank containing diethyl ether, methanol and water at the ratio of 96: 3: 1 respectively. The spots intensities were visually compared with those of standards under ultraviolet light 366 nm wavelengths [13]. Quantitative analysisAflatoxin quantification was done by scanning with CAMAG TLC Scanner3 (densitometer), which measured the absorbance and fluorescence of the toxin extracted [14]. Isolation of fungiDirect isolation method was employed for fungi isolation. The samples were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10minutes and Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

show abstract

Section: Discusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Rn¹,

Cm²

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The prevalence of Aspergillus flavus [12] and the occurrence of toxigenic Fusaria [13] were also reported based on qualitative determination of fungi by plating surface disinfected maize kernels. Reportedly, there is occurrence of Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins in Ethiopian barley, wheat, sorghum and teff [14]. There is a need to further extend the data base on the nature and extent of mycotoxin contamination and the associated fungi in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins and surface and internal fungi of maize from Ethiopia

Ayalew¹

2010

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Invasion of maize grain by fungi leads to losses in quantity and quality but also to contamination by mycotoxins, fungal metabolites, which are harmful to human and animal health. The problem of mycotoxins is higher in developing countries because of poorly managed environmental factors and due to the gap in supply and demand of food that forces people to consume what they might have otherwise rejected. The objective of this study was to determine the fungi and major mycotoxins that are naturally occurring in maize from Ethiopia where little information existed so far. Maize grain samples of 2004/2005 harvest were collected from small scale farmers' storage in Adama, Ambo and Dire Dawa representing three agroecological zones of Ethiopia. Surface and internal fungi of samples were determined employing dilution plate method on DG-18 agar. Samples were also analyzed for aflatoxins (AFT) and fumonisins (FUM) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium occurred in 94%, 76.5% and 64% of the samples, respectively. Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus glaucus were among the dominant species. A. flavus was less frequent. The mean levels of total fungal density ranged from 2.9x10 3 cfu g -1 in maize samples from Dire Dawa, 1.9x10 4 cfug -1 for samples from Adama to 3.8x10 5 cfu g -1 for samples from Ambo. Aflatoxins were detected in 88% of the samples at 27 µg kg -1 in one sample and less than 5 µg kg -1 in others. Fumonisins occurred in two samples from Dire Dawa at 700 and 2400 µg kg -1 , and at 300 µg kg -1 in one sample each from Adama and Ambo. Five samples contained DON at 50 -700 µg kg -1 . NIV was detected at 50, 130 and 210 µg kg -1 . The mycotoxins analyzed played a minor role in the contamination of maize of 2004/05 harvest in Ethiopia. Further monitoring of mycotoxins in maize from different regions of the country is justified in order to conclusively determine the actual risks from mycotoxins and possibly low mycotoxinrisk maize production areas.

show abstract

“…Although zearalenone is reported as the most common mycotoxin found in sorghum (Chala et al., 2014), high levels of aflatoxins, ranging 340–476 μg/kg, were also found in malted sorghum (Matumba, Monjerezi, Khonga, & Lakudzala, 2011). Another study by Ayalew, Fehmann, Lepschy, Beck, and Abate (2006) reported that about 6% of field samples of sorghum in Ethiopia are contaminated with aflatoxin‐B1 up to 26 μg/kg, whereas Bandyopadhyay, Kumar, and Leslie (2007) found that 5% of sorghum grain samples exceeded the Nigerian safety threshold of 20 μg/kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Udomkun

Mutegi

Wossen

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aflatoxins are noxious secondary metabolites, of certain fungal species, found in food and feed. Contamination of a commodity with aflatoxins is associated with production and storage losses, and subsequently less food availability. Aflatoxins can also pose human health risks and represent a barrier to the development of trade, in both domestic and international markets. In this study, samples of cassava, maize, groundnut, beans, soybean, sorghum and milk, and their processed products were collected from local markets in Burundi and Eastern DRC. In order to investigate the levels of aflatoxin, crop samples were analyzed using a single step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (Reveal Q+), while enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze aflatoxin‐M1 in milk, yogurt, and cheese samples. The results revealed the presence of aflatoxins in all samples from both countries, with levels ranging from 1.3 to 2,410 μg/kg. Samples collected from Burundi contained relatively higher (p > 0.0.5) levels of aflatoxins. In 51% of all the crops samples, total aflatoxin contamination was above the EU maximum tolerable level of 4 μg/kg. Processed products, particularly from groundnut, maize, and sorghum, had the highest levels of aflatoxin contamination when compared to unprocessed grain. With regard to milk and dairy products, the level of aflatoxin‐M1 ranged from 4.8 to 261.1 ng/kg. Approximately 29% of milk and yogurt samples had aflatoxin‐M1 higher than the EU regulatory limit of 50 ng/kg, whereas 20% of cheese samples were found to be contaminated at levels higher than the maximum limit of 250 ng/kg. These results can serve as the basis for pre‐ and postharvest approaches to reduce aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities in Burundi and Eastern DRC in order to reduce health risk, avoid reduced production in livestock, and open up export markets.

show abstract

Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Staple Cereals from Ethiopia

Cited by 127 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Prevalence of aflatoxin in dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum) commercialized in Ibadan metropolis

Mycotoxins and surface and internal fungi of maize from Ethiopia

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About