Natural occurrence ofAlternaria mycotoxins in the grain and chaff of cereals

Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna, J; Chełkowski, J.; Zajkowski, P

doi:10.1007/bf03192125

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Within the genus Alternuria A. alternata is well known for the production of different toxic secondary metabolites e. g. tenuazonic acid, altemariol, alternariol monomethylether, altertoxins [3] from which tenuazonic acid is acutely very toxic [25]. Although only one of 21 screened wheat samples contained 0.59 mg kg-' of altemariol [26] Northolt et al [4] recommended a standard Alternariatoxin analysation of cereal grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Weidenbörner

Berleth²,

Krämer³

et al. 1997

Nahrung

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The concentration of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of 80 cereal grain samples of the German harvest 1995 was investigated. In addition to this, the total as well as the inherent mycoflora of two winter wheat and two winter rye brands which showed the highest EPS-concentration was detected on maltsalt agar (NaCl 5%). Surface disinfection with 1% NaOCl for the determination of the internal mycoflora caused a significant reduction in number and kind of fungi. However, the mycoflora of all samples was dominated by fungi of the genera Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium spp. and Epicoccum purpurascens (in decreasing order) occurred to a minor extent. A possible contamination of the cereal grains with mycotoxins of Alternaria and Cladosporium is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Weidenbörner

Berleth²,

Krämer³

et al. 1997

Nahrung

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“…Levels of black point incidence and severity vary depending on the year, location, weather and environmental conditions (Chelkowski, 1991;Chelkowski and Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna, 1991;Fernandez et al, 1994). Altemariol and alternariol methyl ether, another toxic metabolites, were reported to occur in Poland in field samples of wheat kernels with black point symptoms (Chelkowski and Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna, 1991;Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna andChelkowski, 1992, 1993). The aim objective of this study was to determine the amounts of moniliformin, accumulated in kernels and chaff of the most important Polish cultivars of wheat, following inoculation with E. avenaceum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moniliformin Accumulation and other Effects of Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. on Kernels of Winter Wheat Cultivars

Golrnski

Kosteckt²,

Lasocka³

et al. 1996

Journal of Phytopathology

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Accumulation of the mycotoxin moniliformin (MON) and other effects on kernels were examined in 13 Polish winter wheat cultivars inoculated with E. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. isolate ATCC 64451. Kernels from inoculated ears were divided into three fractions: Eusarium damaged kernels (FDK), kernels with black point symptoms (BPK) and healthy looking kernels (HLK). The average moniliformin content (mg/kg) was highest in chaff (11.69), lower in infested kernels (FDK -)-BPK) (2.70) and lowest in HLK (1.16). The mean level (mg/kg) of moniliformin in kernels (total sample) ranged from 0.78 in cv. Liwilla to 3.84 in cv. Gama. Moniliformin levels in chaff were correlated (r = 0.5322) with the average metabolite concentration (mg/kg) in kernels, and ranged from 4.97 in chaff of cv. Roma to 22.9 of cv. Alba. The moniliformin concentration in kernels (total sample) was highly correlated with the level of the metabolite in diseased kernels. This is the first report of the relationship of black point symptoms with E. avenaceum colonization of kernels and moniliformin accumulation.

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“…Alternaria species normally develop under conditions of high moisture in the field and are known to produce mycotoxins, alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and tenuazonic acid 10 . The presence of the fungus can cause the commodity to have a darkish colour.…”

Section: Fungusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some fungi, zearalenone and other mycotoxins in chicken rations, stock feedstuffs, lucerne and pasture grasses in the communal farming area of Rhenosterkop in South Africa

Naicker¹,

Marais²,

Berg³

et al. 2007

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Mycotoxins may be present in feeds without any visible signs of mould contamination. There is a need for rapid and accurate measurement of mycotoxins for purposes of continual monitoring and identification of high risk commodities. Samples from commercial chicken feed (maize kernels), cattle feed (lucerne, grass and hay) and milk were analysed for the presence of certain mycotoxins and cultured for fungi. Results of fungal profiles showed that most samples were contaminated by moulds belonging to the genera, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor, Phoma and Rhizopus. All the chicken feed samples tested contained mycotoxins either below the recommended safe levels for poultry or below the detection limits of the ELISA tests. However, samples of grass contained levels of zearalenone greater than the allowable concentration for dairy and beef cattle (250 ppm), which may be linked to the presence of Fusarium scirpi identified in the fungal profiles. The levels of AFM1 were below the detection limits of the ELISA tests, which may be attributed to the low levels of aflatoxins found in the feed (grass) samples. The presence of the fungus in samples analysed is not evidence for the presence of mycotoxins.

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Natural occurrence ofAlternaria mycotoxins in the grain and chaff of cereals

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Mold spectrum of four cereal brands of the German crop 1995

Moniliformin Accumulation and other Effects of Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. on Kernels of Winter Wheat Cultivars

Some fungi, zearalenone and other mycotoxins in chicken rations, stock feedstuffs, lucerne and pasture grasses in the communal farming area of Rhenosterkop in South Africa

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