Natural Organic Matter Removal During Riverbank Filtration: Current Knowledge and Research Needs

Drewes, Jörg E.; Summers, R. Scott

doi:10.1007/0-306-48154-5_16

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Overall, total individual DOC reductions/removals from all sample collections ranged from 12 to 93% with a calculated average of 55%, values that were similar to those found in the literature (Weiss et al, 2003; Drewes & Summers, 2002). Of this 55% reduction/removal average, 25% was calculated from a mass balance approach to be attributable to subsurface filtration or underground passage, and 30% was attributed to groundwater dilution.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Assessing RBF reduction/removal mechanisms for microbial and organic DBP precursors

Partinoudi¹,

Collins²

2007

Journal AWWA

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Significant reductions/removals of selected microorganisms and disinfection by‐products as defined by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed in four riverbank filtration (RBF) facilities. The objective of this study was to quantify the contributions of subsurface filtration (or underground passage) and groundwater dilution to overall RBF reductions/removals. The microbes quantified included aerobic spore‐forming bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and male‐specific bacteriophage. Both groundwater dilution and subsurface filtration appeared to be important reduction/removal processes but subsurface filtration was considered most influential with regard to microbial reductions. The relative importance of subsurface filtration removals may be a function of RBF site characteristics, especially travel time and distance between the river and the RBF extraction well. Complete removals were observed for all microorganisms except virus indicators, which were considered the most problematic. The significant DOC reductions observed were attributed to dilution, biodegradation, and adsorption reduction/removal mechanisms. The relative contribution of each mechanism was site‐specific.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Assessing RBF reduction/removal mechanisms for microbial and organic DBP precursors

Partinoudi¹,

Collins²

2007

Journal AWWA

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“…The intake of Plant 5 is fed by a canal that is upstream of plant 6A, where wastewater impact is greater. Because of the greater wastewater impact, plant 6A built a state-of-the-art treatment plant to reliably treat this source of water using riverbank filtration (RBF) 34 and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) to remove much of the chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) from this water 35 and an ultraviolet (UV) advanced oxidation process to further remove CECs. 36 Additionally, plant 6A blends this water source with water from a nearby reservoir (plant 6B), further diminishing the wastewater impact.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Disinfection Byproduct Cytotoxicity in U.S. Drinking Water: Should Other DBPs Be Considered for Regulation?

Allen

Plewa

Wagner

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

105

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This study reveals key disinfection byproduct (DBP) toxicity drivers in drinking water across the United States. DBPs, which are ubiquitous in drinking water, form by the reaction of disinfectants, organic matter, bromide, and iodide and are generally present at 100–1000× higher concentrations than other contaminants. DBPs are linked to bladder cancer, miscarriage, and birth defects in human epidemiologic studies, but it is not known as to which DBPs are responsible. We report the most comprehensive investigation of drinking water toxicity to date, with measurements of extracted whole-water mammalian cell chronic cytotoxicity, over 70 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs, and total organic chlorine, bromine, and iodine, revealing a more complete picture of toxicity drivers. A variety of impacted waters were investigated, including those impacted by wastewater, agriculture, and seawater. The results revealed that unregulated haloacetonitriles, particularly dihaloacetonitriles, are important toxicity drivers. In seawater-impacted water treated with chloramine, toxicity was driven by iodinated DBPs, particularly iodoacetic acids. In chlorinated waters, the combined total organic chlorine and bromine was highly and significantly correlated with toxicity (r = 0.94, P < 0.01); in chloraminated waters, total organic iodine was highly and significantly correlated with toxicity (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). These results indicate that haloacetonitriles and iodoacetic acids should be prioritized in future research for potential regulation consideration.

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“…The travel time criteria for virus survival also might be suitable for the removal of trace organics and complement the use of DOC as a surrogate in a microbially active subsurface environment. Travel times of 6 months or less have been demonstrated to remove over 90% of the biodegradable organic carbon in SAT sites in California and Arizona and in bank filtration sites in Germany and the Netherlands, where concurrent trace organic removal also occurred (Drewes and Jeckel, 1998;Drewes and Summers, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Area and Travel Time Relationships in Aquifer Treatment Systems

Fox¹,

Makam

2009

Water Environment Research

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Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) and bank filtration use natural attenuation processes to purify water for subsequent use. Soil aquifer treatment may constitute both unsaturated and saturated flow conditions, while bank filtration systems are primarily saturated flow. This analysis focuses on the saturated zone, where the majority of residence time occurs, in both SAT and bank filtration systems. Sustainable removal mechanisms during subsurface flow are primarily surface‐mediated and therefore depend on surface area. By analyzing saturated subsurface flow hydraulics in granular media, a relationship between surface area and travel time was developed. For saturated subsurface flow, the ratio of surface area‐to‐travel time varied by approximately a factor of 3, for common aquifer materials subject to identical hydraulic gradients. Because travel time criteria often are used to regulate SAT and bank filtration systems, these criteria also may determine the surface area and associated surface‐mediated reactions for water purification. The ratio of surface area‐to‐travel time increases with increasing hydraulic gradient, implying that surface area is relatively constant for specific travel times, even if the hydraulic gradient changes; however, the increasing hydraulic gradient will increase the distance from the recharge zone to the recovery well. Therefore, travel time assessments based on maximum possible hydraulic gradients increase surface area and could provide a conservative limit for surface‐mediated reactions. This analysis demonstrates that travel time criteria for SAT and bank filtration systems indirectly provide a minimum surface area that may support sustainable removal mechanisms.

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Natural Organic Matter Removal During Riverbank Filtration: Current Knowledge and Research Needs

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Assessing RBF reduction/removal mechanisms for microbial and organic DBP precursors

Assessing RBF reduction/removal mechanisms for microbial and organic DBP precursors

Drivers of Disinfection Byproduct Cytotoxicity in U.S. Drinking Water: Should Other DBPs Be Considered for Regulation?

Surface Area and Travel Time Relationships in Aquifer Treatment Systems

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