Natural product‐based nanomedicine applied to fungal infection treatment: A review of the last 4 years

Abstract

Fungal infections are one of the main public health problems, especially in immunocompromised patients, nosocomial environments, patients with chronic diseases, and transplant recipients. These diseases are increasingly frequent and lethal because the microorganism has a high capacity to acquire resistance to available therapy. The main resistance factors are the emergence of new strains and the uncontrolled use of antifungals. It is, therefore, important to develop new methods that contribute to combating fungal diseases in the clinical area. Natural products have considerable potential for the development of new drugs with antifungal activity, mainly due to their biocompatibility and low toxic effect. This promising antimicrobial activity of natural products is mainly due to the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, and quinones, which explains their antifungal potential. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology has been explored to enhance the delivery, selectivity, and clinical efficacy of these products. Nanotechnological systems provide a safe and selective environment for various substances, such as natural products, improving antifungal activity. However, further safety experiments (in vivo or clinical trials) need to be carried out to prove the therapeutic action of natural products, since they may have undesirable, toxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this review article addresses the main nanotechnological methods using natural products for effective future treatment against the main fungal diseases.

Lipid nanoparticle-based formulations for high-performance dentistry applications

“…203,[205][206][207][208][209][210] Some of the formulations such as Abelcet@, Ambisome@, Fungizone@, and Amphotec@ are commercially available liposome-based nanocarriers for amphotericin B delivery, approved in 1990s. 211,212 Such lipid NPs have been further modified with polymers such as chitosan for a mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system for candidiasis. 213,214 Another study focused on using Nystatin, a poorly soluble polyene antifungal drug for treating oral candidiasis.…”

Anti-Malassezia Drug Candidates Based on Virulence Factors of Malassezia-Associated Diseases

“…They reported a mm inhibition zone at 6.8 µg/mL concentration. A review on the use of natural-product-based nanomedicine has recently been published, which helps to rationalize such development [126]. In a similar manner, Gruzman, Cohen et al described the 8-step synthesis of novel sulfamoylbenzoates and their subsequent inhibition of M. furfur growth.…”

“…They reported a 20.5 mm inhibition zone at 6.8 µg/mL concentration. A review on the use of natural-product-based nanomedicine has recently been published, which helps to rationalize such development [126].…”

2-Aminothiazole-Flavonoid Hybrid Derivatives Binding to Tau Protein and Responsible for Antitumor Activity in Glioblastoma

“…The development of new hybrid compounds specific to Tau protein is therefore a more attractive approach to directly affect microtubules. In this regard, flavonoid derivatives, including flavonol and flavone, constitute a substantial class of naturally occurring compounds with diverse pharmacological properties such as antitumor, antibacterial, immune-stimulator, antifungal, and antidiabetic activities in addition to anti-Tau fibrils properties [28][29][30][31][32][33]. For example, Sonawane et al recently showed in vitro that Baicalein inhibited formation of Tau fibrils by enhancing the formation of SDS-stable oligomers [34].…”