Natural products can be used in therapeutic management of COVID-19: Probable mechanistic insights

Abstract

The unexpected emergence of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than three hundred million individuals and resulted in more than five million deaths worldwide. The ongoing pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic measures to develop anti-viral therapy. The natural compounds possess various pharmaceutical properties and are reported as effective anti-virals. The interest to develop an anti-viral drug against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from natural compounds has increased globally. Here, we investigated the anti-viral potential of selected promising natural products. Sources of data for this paper are current literature published in the context of therapeutic uses of phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action published in various reputed peer-reviewed journals. An extensive literature survey was done and data were critically analyzed to get deeper insights into the mechanism of action of a few important phytoconstituents. The consumption of natural products such as thymoquinone, quercetin, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, ellagic acid, vanillin, thymol, and rosmarinic acid could improve our immune response and thus possesses excellent therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the anti-viral functions of various phytoconstituent and alkaloids and their potential therapeutic implications against SARS-CoV-2. Our comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into phytoconstituents to restrain viral infection and provide a better solution through natural, therapeutically active agents.

Potential of Natural Alkaloids From Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum) as Inhibitors Against Main Protease of COVID-19: A Molecular Modeling Approach

“…The binding site residues which are not involved in forming the hydrogen bond with ligands also show a higher range of distances. Previously, different in silico and in vitro studies reported a similar trend of tightly fitting inhibitors in the binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 M pro , which confirms our study ( Park et al, 2015 ; Aanouz et al, 2020 ; Bello et al, 2020 ; Chikhale et al, 2020 ; Krupanidhi et al, 2020 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ; Muhammad et al, 2020 ; Tripathi et al, 2020 ; Mitra et al, 2021 ; Varadharajan et al, 2021 ; Ali et al, 2022 ; Linani et al, 2022 ).…”

Therapeutic Implications of Caffeic Acid in Cancer and Neurological Diseases

“…CA might enhance the cytotoxic activities of M1 macrophages and block cancer growth; inhibitory action on TAMs can be induced by its antioxidative action. However, the anticancer action of CA has been the effect of the synergistic actions of diverse mechanisms through which CA performs on proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation ( 64 – 66 ). CA competently inhibited the incidence of TAMs and noticeably repressed tumorigenesis in mouse tumor models.…”

p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics)

“…Interestingly, natural compounds and phytoconstituents have also been considered for their anti-viral functions and potential therapeutic effects in the management of COVID-19 ( Nallusamy et al, 2021 ; Ali et al, 2022 ). Among the others, it has been reported that phillyrin could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro ( Ma et al, 2020a ), and it has been shown the ability of reducing the protein expression of NF-kB p65 in vitro as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”