Natural Products from Mangrove Actinomycetes

Abstract

Mangroves are woody plants located in tropical and subtropical intertidal coastal regions. The mangrove ecosystem is becoming a hot spot for natural product discovery and bioactivity survey. Diverse mangrove actinomycetes as promising and productive sources are worth being explored and uncovered. At the time of writing, we report 73 novel compounds and 49 known compounds isolated from mangrove actinomycetes including alkaloids, benzene derivatives, cyclopentenone derivatives, dilactones, macrolides, 2-pyranones and sesquiterpenes. Attractive structures such as salinosporamides, xiamycins and novel indolocarbazoles are highlighted. Many exciting compounds have been proven as potential new antibiotics, antitumor and antiviral agents, anti-fibrotic agents and antioxidants. Furthermore, some of their biosynthetic pathways have also been revealed. This review is an attempt to consolidate and summarize the past and the latest studies on mangrove actinomycetes natural product discovery and to draw attention to their immense potential as novel and bioactive compounds for marine drugs discovery.

Polyphenol-rich Avicennia marina leaf extracts induce apoptosis in human breast and liver cancer cells and in a nude mouse xenograft model

“…In particular, mangroves produce a wide variety of structurally novel natural agents with biochemical profiles [13]. Avicennia marina is a mangrove species of the Acanthaceae family, and discoveries of its chemical compounds have received much attention [14].…”

Structural diversity of anti-pancreatic cancer capsimycins identified in mangrove-derived Streptomyces xiamenensis 318 and post-modification via a novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

“…Secondary metabolites from mangrove-derived actinomycetes have been recognized as rich sources of biologically active natural products for pharmaceutical development1. Streptomyces xiamenensis 318, a moderate halophile isolated from mangrove sediment with a streamlined genome2, has been shown to be a cell factory that produces an anti-fibrotic drug candidate, xiamenmycin A. Nineteen gene clusters within the genome were predicted to be involved in secondary metabolism based on the antiSMASH pipeline23.…”

Micromonospora ovatispora sp. nov. isolated from mangrove soil

“…Members of this genus have distinct morphological characteristics in that they produce single spores on the substrate mycelium and lack aerial mycelium. In the last few years, several novel species have been isolated from diverse habitats, with more than 57 species described to date (www.bacterio.net).During the course of studies into the discovery of new marine, drug-producing actinomycetes from mangroves in south China (Hong et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2014), strain 2701SIM06 T was isolated from mangrove soil collected in Sanya, Hainan province. Soil samples were pretreated, diluted by an established procedure (Ren et al, 2013) and spread on selective agar , then incubated at 28 8C for 4-12 weeks.…”

“…During the course of studies into the discovery of new marine, drug-producing actinomycetes from mangroves in south China (Hong et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2014), strain 2701SIM06 T was isolated from mangrove soil collected in Sanya, Hainan province. Soil samples were pretreated, diluted by an established procedure (Ren et al, 2013) and spread on selective agar , then incubated at 28 8C for 4-12 weeks.…”