Natural Products Mediated Targeting of Virally Infected Cancer

Abstract

The role of viral infection in developing cancer was determined in the start of 20th century. Until now, 8 different virus-associated cancers have been discovered and most of them progressed in immunosuppressed individuals. The aim of the present study is to look into the benefits of natural products in treating virally infected cancers. The study focuses on bioactive compounds derived from natural sources. Numerous pharmaceutical agents have been identified from plants (vincristine, vinblastine, stilbenes, combretastatin, and silymarin), marine organisms (bryostatins, cephalostatin, ecteinascidins, didemnin, and dolastatin), insects (cantharidin, mastoparan, parectadial, and cecropins), and microorganisms (vancomycin, rhizoxin, ansamitocins, mitomycin, and rapamycin). Beside these, various compounds have been observed from fruits and vegetables which can be utilized in anticancer therapy. These include curcumin in turmeric, resveratrol in red grapes, S-allyl cysteine in allium, allicin in garlic, catechins in green tea, and β-carotene in carrots. The present study addresses various types of virally infected cancers, their mechanism of action, and the role of different cell surface molecules elicited during viral binding and entry into the target cell along with the anticancer drugs derived from natural products by targeting screening of bioactive compounds from natural sources.

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“…Even though the flexibility of gamma mangostin is not optimum (four rotatable bonds), but overall, the druglikeness of gamma mangostin is the best among other ligands. The efficacy of gamma mangostin in combating the viral-based disease is also suggested by some References [25,26]. Lopinavir is a standard protease drug in this research that shows the best physicochemical and pharmacochemical properties, as shown by its overlapping area on the hexagonal-shape.…”

Strategies towards Targeting Gαi/s Proteins: Scanning of Protein‐Protein Interaction Sites To Overcome Inaccessibility

“…Furthermore, activating effects on G proteins and their GTPase activity were reported for the neurokinin substance P (H‐RPKPQQFFGLM‐NH 2 ), synthetic polyamine component 48/80 (C48/80, mixed polymer of p ‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl phenylethylamine crosslinked by formaldehyde), the mast cell degranulating peptide (H‐IKCNCKRHVIKPHICRKICGKN‐NH 2 , MCD), and other cationic amphiphilic substances [132,134,136,142,150–157] . Altogether, these compounds are considered as pharmacological tools and candidates with potential therapeutic applications [137,158] . In the context of Gα modulators, the broad use of compounds such as melittin and mastoparan, is restrictive because of their dose‐ and cell‐type dependency, nonspecific targeting and thereby induction of various biochemical effects [159,160] …”

Origins and Bioactivities of Natural Compounds Derived from Marine Ascidians and Their Symbionts

“…G1/S phase cells are more sensitive to didemnin B. It is known that the antiproliferative potency of didemnin B is due to interference with the mitogenic signal transmission, such as the inhibitors of kinases, phosphatases, and elongation factors [65,66].…”