Natural products with SGLT2 inhibitory activity: Possibilities of application for the treatment of diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus currently affects as many as 400 million people worldwide, creating a heavy economic burden and stretching health care resources. A dysfunction of glucose homeostasis underlies the disease. Despite advances in the treatment of diabetes, many patients still suffer from complications and side effects; hence, development of more effective treatments for diabetes is still desirable. SGLT2 is the principle cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. SGLT2 inhibition reduces glucose reabsorption by the kidney and ameliorates plasma glucose concentration. The interest in natural products that can be used for the inhibition of SGLT2 is growing. The flavonoid phlorizin, which can be isolated from the bark of apple trees, has been used as lead structure due to its inhibitory activity of SGLT1 and SGLT2. Some phlorizin-derived synthetic compounds, including canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, and ertugliflozin, are approved by the food and drug administration to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas others are under clinical trials investigation. In addition, other natural product-derived compounds have been investigated for their ability to improve blood glucose control.The present review summarizes the natural products with SGLT2 inhibitory activity, and the synthetic compounds obtained from them, and discusses their application for the treatment of diabetes.

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fresh Apple Pomace by Different Non-Conventional Techniques

“…These authors claimed the ability of young apple’s polyphenols to retard the postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in mice for both acute and 1-week intervention trials. In fact, phloridzin is a well-known competitive inhibitor of glucose transporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) through the binding of the glucose moiety to the Na+/glucose co-transporter [ 4 ].…”

Tea polyphenols as a strategy to control starch digestion in bread: the effects of polyphenol type and gluten

“…The number of people affected by type 2 diabetes is growing worldwide. 1 The control of the postprandial glucose level is critical for diabetic patients. This could be achieved by the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, the two key digestive enzymes that convert starch to glucose.…”

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) as a nutraceutical: Focus on the metabolic, analgesic, and antiinflammatory effects

“…Despite advances in the treatment of diabetes, many patients still use traditional remedies, including ginger, for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (Moradi‐Marjaneh, Paseban, & Sahebkar, 2019). Ginger‐based fruit drinks have been also proposed as dietary drink in the management and prevention of diabetes mellitus (Ademosun, Omoba, & Olagunju, 2020).…”