Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation in building materials used in Italian dwellings

Righi, Serena; Bruzzi, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.01.009

Cited by 317 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The alpha index (Ia) is determined by the following formula [37]: Commission (1990) [39]. It was observed that the values of the alpha index in the studied marine sand samples are below the recommended unity ( Figure 6(a)).…”

Section: Alpha Index (Ia)mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity in Marine Sand Deposits from Offshore China

Li¹,

Hu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2017

OJMS

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Natural radioactivity is very important for the assessment of the marine sand property and usability. By using gamma spectrometry, the concentration of the natural radionuclides 226 Ra, 232Th and 40 K have been measured in marine sand deposits from Liaodong Bay (LDB), North Yellow Sea (NYS), Zhoushan area (ZS), Taiwan Shoal (TS) and Pearl River Mouth (PR), offshore China, which are potential marine sand mining areas. The radiation activity equivalent (Raeq), indoor gamma absorbed dose rate (DR), annual effective dose (HR), alpha index (Ia), gamma index (Ig), external radiation hazard index (Hex), internal radiation hazard index (Hin), representative level index (RLI), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) associated with the natural radionuclides are calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in the marine sands offshore China. From the analysis, it is found that these marine sands are safe for the constructions. The Pearson correlation coefficient reveals that the 226 Ra distribution in the marine sands offshore China is controlled by the variation of the 40 K concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) yields a two-component representation of the entire data from the marine sands, wherein 98.22% of the total variance is explained. Our results provide good baseline data to expand the database of radioactivity of building materials in China and all over the world.

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Section: Alpha Index (Ia)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another radiation hazard index, the gamma activity concentration index, Ig, has been defined by the European Commission (1990) [38] and Righi and Bruzzi (2006) [37], which is given as: Ig = CRa/300 + CTh/200 + CK/3000…”

Section: Gamma Index (Ig)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity in Marine Sand Deposits from Offshore China

Li¹,

Hu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2017

OJMS

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“…In general, the radioactive content of building materials reflects the radioactive content of the raw materials from which they are made (Mahur et al, 2008;Righi and Bruzzi, 2006;Amin, 2015;Keller et al, 2001;Khan, 1994;Petropoulos et al, 2001, Stoulos et al, 2003Chen et al, 1993Chen et al, & 2010Zhang et al, 2012). In the case of building stone, such as granites and ironstones, the content of the building materials is exactly as quarried.…”

Section: Radon ( 222mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts

Crockett

Gillmore

2016

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Abstract.Radon is generally regarded as a naturally occurring radiological hazard but we report here measurements of significant, hazardous radon concentrations that arise from man-made sources, e.g. radium-dial watches. This study is an examination and assessment of health risks from radium and uranium found in historical artefacts, and the radon that emanates from them. This includes radium-dial watches, the main focus, plus clocks, aircraft instruments, and ornaments and artefacts made of uranium glass / uranium-glazed. Such objects were very popular in the 1930s and 1940s and are still readily available today.A collection of 30 radium-dial pocket and wrist watches was measured and shown to be capable of giving rise to radon concentrations two orders of magnitude greater than the UK Domestic Action Level. We also highlight a gap in remediation protocols, which are focused on preventing radon entering buildings from outside, with regard to internally-generated radon hazards. Radon as arising from man-made objects such as radium-dial watches should be considered appropriately in radon protocols and guidelines.

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“…According some reports, the granite stones have a higher radon exhalation rate than other terrestrial materials on average [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Radon and Granite Building Materials

Abbasi¹

2017

Radon

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Natural radioactivities in granite building materials that are commonly used in the world have been surveyed two type methods: a passive measurement method and an active measurement method. In the passive measurement method, after sample preparation, the concentration of 226 Ra is measured in the samples. The measuring procedure carried out by using a gamma-ray spectrometry system with a high purity germanium detector. Also, in the active measurement method, an alpha GURD model PQ 2000 radon meter is used directly. In this method, a standard room is considered ((4.0 m Â 5.0 m area Â 2.8 height) that ground and walls have been covered with granite stones, we calculated radon concentration and radon exhalation rate. Moreover, the results of the exhalation rates measured by passive and active methods are compared and the results are the same, within errors better than 22%.

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Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation in building materials used in Italian dwellings

Cited by 317 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity in Marine Sand Deposits from Offshore China

Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity in Marine Sand Deposits from Offshore China

Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts

Levels of Radon and Granite Building Materials

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