Natural radionuclides in drinking water supplies of São Paulo State, Brazil and consequent population doses

Oliveira, Joselene de; Mazzilli, B. P.; Sampa, Maria Helena de Oliveira; Bambalas, E.

doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00101-6

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In Extremadura, close to Portugal, small aqueducts carry water with 226 Ra content up to 720 mBq/l and mitigation processes have been considered [67]. Radium monitoring in water resources has been accomplished in many other countries [33,51,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Interesting cases are found in Middle East.…”

Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Nuccetelli

Rusconi

Forte

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. Introduction. Drinking waters usually contain several natural radionuclides: tritium, radon, radium, uranium isotopes, etc. Their concentrations vary widely since they depend on the nature of the aquifer, namely, the prevailing lithology and whether there is air in it or not. Aims. In this work a broad overview of the radioactivity in drinking water is presented: national and international regulations, for limiting the presence of radioactivity in waters intended for human consumption; results of extensive campaigns for monitoring radioactivity in drinking waters, including mineral bottled waters, carried out throughout the world in recent years; a draft of guidelines for the planning of campaigns to measure radioactivity in drinking water proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) of Lombardia.Key words: radioactivity, drinking water, water quality, public health. Riassunto (Radioattività nell'acqua potabile: le normative, i risultati dei monitoraggi e i problemi di radioprotezione).Introduzione. L'acqua potabile contiene normalmente molti radionuclidi naturali: trizio, radon, isotopi del radio e dell'uranio, ecc. La loro concentrazione è molto variabile perché dipende dalla natura dell'acquifero, dalla presenza di aria in esso e dalla litologia prevalente. Scopi. In questo lavoro è presentata un'ampia rassegna sul tema della radioattività nelle acque potabili: le norme nazionali e internazionali per limitare la presenza di radioattività nell'acqua destinata al consumo umano; i risultati di estese campagne di monitoraggio nelle acque potabili, comprese le acque minerali imbottigliate, condotte nel mondo negli ultimi anni; una proposta di linea guida per la pianificazione di campagne di misura della radioattività nell'acqua potabile elaborata dall'Agenzia Regionale di Protezione Ambientale (ARPA) della Lombardia.Parole chiave: radioattività, acqua potabile, qualità dell'acqua, sanità pubblica.

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Section: Available Results Of Monitoring Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Nuccetelli

Rusconi

Forte

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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“…For 226 Ra the mean activity concentration is 20 times higher than the recommended radioactivity drinking water standards for gross-alpha activity (0.1 Bq L->) [4]. Oliveira et al [5] measuring the activity concentration of 226 Ra in drinking water supplies of Sao Paulo State, found concentrations ranging from <2.2 to 235 mBq L 1 ; with four locations presenting 226 Ra activity higher than 0.1 Bq IA Recent papers [6,7,8] are concerned with the potential release of radionuclides from phosphogypsum to the aquatic environment. Burnett and Elzerman [6] found concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 Bq L-1 for 226 Ra and from 7 to 70 Bq L-' for 210 Pb, in stack fluids in Florida.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of stockpiled phosphogypsum waste in Santos basin, Brazil

2002

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Abstract. Phosphogypsum is a waste produced by the phosphate fertiliser industry. It' s formed by precipitation during wet sulphuric acid processing of phosphate rocks. Although phosphogypsum is mainly calcium sulphate dihydrate, it contains elevated levels of impurities, which originate from the source phosphate rock used in the phosphoric acid production. Among these impurities, radionuclides from U-238 and Th-232 decay series, particularly and Pb-210, are of most concern due to their radiotoxicity. The phosphate fertiliser complex located in Santos Basin, Southwest Brazil, is responsible for the production of approximately 2000 tons of phosphogypsum per day. This phosphogypsum waste is stockpiled and presents a potential threat to the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the activity concentration of Ra-226, Ra-228, Pb-210 and K-40 in the stockpiled phosphogypsum of the two main local producers. As a complementary study, trace and microelements (Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Sb, Sc, Ta, Th, U, and rare earths Ce, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sm, Tb and Yb) were also determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Mean activity concentrations of 401+108 Bqkg-', 173±65 Bqkg-1 and 389±106 Bqkg-1 were observed for Ra-226, Ra-228 and Pb-210 for one producer. The results obtained for the second producer were 840±275 Bqkg-1 , 225±32Bqkg-' and 827±276 Bqkg-' for Ra-226, Ra-228 and Pb-210, respectively. Phosphogypsum samples are enriched in rareearths elements, specifically Ce, Eu, La, Nd, Sm, and Tb, and the elements Ba and Ta. The radiochemical and elemental characterisation of the phosphogypsum from industry A and C show that the stacks are quite homogeneous and mainly dependent upon the origin of the phosphatic rock used as raw material. This information is important and necessary for decision making on possible uses of this waste. The radionuclides Ra and Pb, which present high radiotoxicity, although present in the phosphogypsum, are not available for the surrounding environment.

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“…Water quality, hydrochemical trends and temperature WHO (2011) has established guideline values for the following parameters in Table 2 that are of health significance in drinking-water: nitrate (50 mg/L), fluoride (1.5 222 Rn ingestion in water sometimes has been adopted (Kendall et al 1988;Oliveira et al 2001;Bonotto 2004). Bonotto (2011) U activity ratio (AR) in the GAS groundwaters (Table 2) are plotted on a two-dimensional U content vs. AR diagram containing several areas of associative significance (Cowart and Osmond 1980;Osmond and Cowart 1981;Chatam et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace elements, REEs and stable isotopes (B, Sr) in GAS groundwater, São Paulo State, Brazil

Bonotto

Elliot

2017

Environ Earth Sci

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Natural radionuclides in drinking water supplies of São Paulo State, Brazil and consequent population doses

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Radioactivity in drinking water: regulations, monitoring results and radiation protection issues

Characterization of stockpiled phosphogypsum waste in Santos basin, Brazil

Trace elements, REEs and stable isotopes (B, Sr) in GAS groundwater, São Paulo State, Brazil

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