Natural Resistance Against Brucellosis: A Review

Adams, L. Garry; Schutta, Christopher

doi:10.2174/1874318801004010061

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…A review of the current understanding of gene function and infection kinetics reduced the number of plausible candidate genes involved in the immunologic response of feral swine to B. suis from 145 to nine. This aligns with previous studies that evaluated the genetic architecture of immune response in domestic swine (39,142,143). The nine genes that were thoroughly explored were all related to immune functionmost notably phagocytosis and induction of an inflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Genetic variation has been documented to play a role in immune kinetics for numerous species and diseases (35)(36)(37)(38)(39). For example, genetic variation in host resistance or tolerance has been reported (scientifically and anecdotally) in swine for African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, atrophic rhinitis, pseudorabies, and brucellosis (36,39). Similarly, we sought to evaluate whether genetic factors may define variation in seroconversion to B. suis infection with implications for the reliability of antibody tests used for monitoring disease prevalence among feral swine (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis

et al. 2020

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Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are a destructive invasive species widespread throughout the United States that disrupt ecosystems, damage crops, and carry pathogens of concern for the health of domestic stock and humans including Brucella suis—the causative organism for swine brucellosis. In domestic swine, brucellosis results in reproductive failure due to abortions and infertility. Contact with infected feral swine poses spillover risks to domestic pigs as well as humans, companion animals, wildlife, and other livestock. Genetic factors influence the outcome of infectious diseases; therefore, genome wide association studies (GWAS) of differential immune responses among feral swine can provide an understanding of disease dynamics and inform management to prevent the spillover of brucellosis from feral swine to domestic pigs. We sought to identify loci associated with differential antibody responses among feral swine naturally infected with B. suis using a case-control GWAS. Tissue, serum, and genotype data (68,516 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms) collected from 47 feral swine were analyzed in this study. The 47 feral swine were culture positive for Brucella spp. Of these 47, 16 were antibody positive (cases) whereas 31 were antibody negative (controls). Single-locus GWAS were performed using efficient mixed-model association eXpedited (EMMAX) methodology with three genetic models: additive, dominant, and recessive. Eight loci associated with seroconversion were identified on chromosome 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 18. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses revealed nine putative candidate genes related to immune function, most notably phagocytosis and induction of an inflammatory response. Identified loci and putative candidate genes may play an important role in host immune responses to B. suis infection, characterized by a detectable bacterial presence yet a differential antibody response. Given that antibody tests are used to evaluate brucellosis infection in domestic pigs and for disease surveillance in invasive feral swine, additional studies are needed to fully understand the genetic component of the response to B. suis infection and to more effectively translate estimates of Brucella spp. antibody prevalence among feral swine to disease control management action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis

et al. 2020

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“…of human is B. melitensis there is no vaccine provided so far. [32][33][34] Source of infection and mode of transmission: Materials excreted from the female genital tract forming the main supply of organisms for transmission to other animals and man. Therefore, in most circumstances, the primary route of dissemination of Brucella is the placenta, fetal fluids and vaginal discharges expelled by infected ewes after abortion or full-term parturition.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Epidemiolgy and Economic Impact of Small Ruminant Brucellosis in Ethiopian Perspective

Bedore¹,

Mustefa²

2019

Vet Med Open J

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Copyright 2019 by Mustefa M. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 77Review | Volume 4 | Issue 2| cc Brucella are intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, a chronic zoonotic disease. The genus of Brucella are subdivided into six species categorized by antigenic variation and primary preferred host and these include B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. ovis, B. canis and B. neotomae. The epidemiologies of the disease in livestock and humans, as well as appropriate preventive measures, are not well understood in developing countries. Materials excreted from the female genital tract acting as the main supply of organisms for transmission to other animals and human. Millions of individuals are at risk worldwide, especially in countries where infection in animals has not been brought under control, procedures for the heat treatment of milk, such as pasteurization are not routinely applied, and standards of hygiene in animal husbandry are low. A precise diagnosis of brucellosis is important for the control of the disease in animals and consequently in human. Molecular and serological techniques are important tools for diagnosis and epidemiologic studies, providing relevant information for identification of species and biotyping. The economic and public health impact of bucellosis remains particular concern and neglected in developing countries. The disease mainly hampers the productivity of small ruminant's resulting infertility and increase the average inter-calving periods. One of the major gaps in our knowledge at present is the relative contribution of brucellosis on small ruminant and humans. In Ethiopia, no strategy is in place to control brucellosis. The most important approach to the control and prevent human of brucellosis in human and animal is the practice of one health approach. So knowing the status of small ruminant brucellosis in our country is therefore extremely important. Therefore, the aims of this review are; a) To highlight (snapshot) of brucellosis in the small ruminant; b) To show the seroprevalence status of small ruminant brucellosis in Ethiopia perspective; c)To highlight possible risk factor and its economic importance.

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“…The indicators of non-specific resistance of horses (Adams and Templeton, 1998;Adams and Schutta, 2010;Stefurak et al, 2016) are an important criterion for value, endurance and, at the same time, the potential of adaptive possibilities and uniqueness of the breed. An organism's natural non-specific resistance is the ability of an organism to counteract exogenous negative factors of different etiologies by activating cellular and/ or humoral immunity (Smorodintsev, 1961;Rumyantsev, 1998;Stalder et al, 1998;Tarocco, 2001;Atanasova et al, 2008;Malinova, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and sex features of organism non-specific resistance of Ukrainian riding horse

Babenko¹,

Bushtruk²,

Stavetska³

et al. 2020

JCEA

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It is established that the indices of non-specific resistance of Ukrainian Riding Horse depend on age and sex. The lowest indices of serum bactericidal activity, serum lysozyme activity, the content of γ-globulins were found in 6-monthold foals, for which, however, the phagocytosis completeness indices were concurrent with those of adult individuals of the corresponding sex. Hence, the foals are least protected in terms of humoral-type non-specific resistance. Indicators of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of serum, phagocytosis completeness index were higher for stallions. Indicators of geldings were higher than those for mares, but lower than those for entires. The higher total protein content is also characteristic for stallions; at the age of 6, 9, 12-the content of albumins; for mares at the age of 1.5, 2, 3, 12-the content of γglobulins was higher, the indicators of geldings in terms of albumin/globulin ratio were closer to those of mares of the corresponding age. Consequently, for Ukrainian Riding Horse, the indicators of organism non-specific resistance are higher for stallions and vary with age. These differences should be taken into account when working with this breed.

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Natural Resistance Against Brucellosis: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 97 publications

Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis

Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis

Review on Epidemiolgy and Economic Impact of Small Ruminant Brucellosis in Ethiopian Perspective

Age and sex features of organism non-specific resistance of Ukrainian riding horse

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