Natural rubber biocomposites based on nanocrystalline and modified nanocrystalline cellulose: curing, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties

Shafik, Emad S.

doi:10.1007/s10965-021-02750-4

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In terms of composite formation, this is an undesirable phenomenon. Numerous surface modifications (with cationic surfactants [ 15 , 16 ], TEMPO oxidation followed by atom transfer radical polymerization [ 17 ], etc.) have been performed to enhance the dispersibility of cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams—From Synthesis to Application Properties

2021

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In this paper, native cellulose I was subjected to alkaline treatment. As a result, cellulose I was transformed to cellulose II and some nanometric particles were formed. Both polymorphic forms of cellulose were modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and then used as fillers for polyurethane. Composites were prepared in a one-step process. Cellulosic fillers were characterized in terms of their chemical (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy) and supermolecular structure (X-ray diffraction), as well as their particle size. Investigation of composite polyurethane included measurements of density, characteristic processing times of foam formation, compression strength, dimensional stability, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. Much focus was put on the application aspect of the produced insulation polyurethane foams. It was shown that modification of cellulosic filler with poly(ethylene glycol) has a positive influence on formation of polyurethane composites—if modified filler was used, the values of compression strength and density increased, while water sorption and thermal conductivity decreased. Moreover, it was proven that the introduction of cellulosic fillers into the polyurethane matrix does not deteriorate the strength or thermal properties of the foams, and that composites with such fillers have good application potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams—From Synthesis to Application Properties

2021

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“…The fiber is defined as a substrate of natural origin, which its length/diameter ratio is more than 1:200 [26] "Nanofibers could be defined as the fibers which have their diameters in nanometric range" [27] The main sources Green composites based on natural fibers compared to petroleum-based fiber composites [28,29] Nanofibers are generally classified based on their composition into metal oxides, polymers, metals, carbon, ceramics, and hybrid [30] Main categories of natural fiber Main types of nano-lignocellulose fibers 1-Mineral fibers (asbestos, basalt, and brucite) 1-Lignocellulose nanofiber [31] 2-Animal fibers (hair, silk, and wool) 2-Bacterial nanocellulose [32] 3-Plant fibers (lignocellulose) [33] 3-Nanocrystalline cellulose [34] 4-Nano-fibrillated cellulose [16]…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Applications of Nanofibers in Agriculture and Water Treatment: A Review

et al. 2022

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Natural fibers are an important source for producing polymers, which are highly applicable in their nanoform and could be used in very broad fields such as filtration for water/wastewater treatment, biomedicine, food packaging, harvesting, and storage of energy due to their high specific surface area. These natural nanofibers could be mainly produced through plants, animals, and minerals, as well as produced from agricultural wastes. For strengthening these natural fibers, they may reinforce with some substances such as nanomaterials. Natural or biofiber-reinforced bio-composites and nano–bio-composites are considered better than conventional composites. The sustainable application of nanofibers in agricultural sectors is a promising approach and may involve plant protection and its growth through encapsulating many bio-active molecules or agrochemicals (i.e., pesticides, phytohormones, and fertilizers) for smart delivery at the targeted sites. The food industry and processing also are very important applicable fields of nanofibers, particularly food packaging, which may include using nanofibers for active–intelligent food packaging, and food freshness indicators. The removal of pollutants from soil, water, and air is an urgent field for nanofibers due to their high efficiency. Many new approaches or applicable agro-fields for nanofibers are expected in the future, such as using nanofibers as the indicators for CO and NH3. The role of nanofibers in the global fighting against COVID-19 may represent a crucial solution, particularly in producing face masks.

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“…10 It is widely used in paper-making, packaging, environmental protection, food, composite materials, medicine, and also many other fields. 11,12 Nanocellulose can generally be divided into three types, including nanocrystals cellulose (CNCs), CNFs, and bacterial cellulose (BC). The main production method of CNCs is the chemical method, which is controlling acid hydrolysis and mechanical refining to degrade relatively large cellulose chains, so as to obtain short-length nanocrystalline cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanocellulose fibers (CNFs) are a kind of cellulose material with at least one-dimensional size reaching the nanometer level. , Compared with traditional cellulose materials, it has excellent properties such as large specific surface area, high purity, high crystallinity, high tensile strength, high Young’s modulus, and length–diameter ratio of fibers. , It can be obtained from cotton, wood, wheat straw, or ramie. , Recently, CNFs have been considered a promising bio-based enhancer . It is widely used in paper-making, packaging, environmental protection, food, composite materials, medicine, and also many other fields. , Nanocellulose can generally be divided into three types, including nanocrystals cellulose (CNCs), CNFs, and bacterial cellulose (BC). The main production method of CNCs is the chemical method, which is controlling acid hydrolysis and mechanical refining to degrade relatively large cellulose chains, so as to obtain short-length nanocrystalline cellulose. , The preparation methods of CNFs mainly include TEMPO oxidation (2,2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxygen radical), mild acid, or enzyme treatment. , BC is a natural nanostructured polymer material mainly produced by bacteria with biodegradability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Preparation of Hydrophobic and Flexible Nanocellulose Fibers without Further Modification

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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These non-modified hydrophobic and lipophilic nanocellulose fibers (CNFs) are clean and efficient and prepared using alternating boiling of biological solutions (pectin lyase and chemical additives) and weak acid solution (i.e., sodium chlorite and acetic acid), which enrich the source of nanocellulose and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the preparation process. The prepared CNFs were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, cellulose component analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, contact angle (CA), rheological energy, toxicity, and volume distribution. The best yield of CNFs was 40.64%, with a low crystallinity of 58.57% and a high volume distribution of 14%. The CNFs are extracted by this alternate cooking with weak acid solution and biological solutions, which solves the low productivity and high pollution caused by traditional inorganic chemical acid, without solid acid pollution, and meets the requirements of material cleaning and finishing. The water CA and oil CA of CNFs were 110 and 13.7°, respectively. It indicated that the CNFs prepared by this method can be hydrophobic without further modification. The CNFs are non-toxic and have good cytocompatibility based on the toxicity test result. It has a great possibility for using in the field of medical materials.

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Natural rubber biocomposites based on nanocrystalline and modified nanocrystalline cellulose: curing, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams—From Synthesis to Application Properties

Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams—From Synthesis to Application Properties

Sustainable Applications of Nanofibers in Agriculture and Water Treatment: A Review

Eco-Friendly Preparation of Hydrophobic and Flexible Nanocellulose Fibers without Further Modification

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