Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (γδTCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG

Abstract

A γδ T cell acquires functional properties in response to the gamma delta T cell receptor γδTCR signal strength during its development in the thymus. The elucidation of the potential ligands of γδ T cell receptors are of extreme importance; however, they are still not understood. Here we revise the actual state of the art of candidates to exert the function of γδTCR ligands, and propose a theoretical contribution about new potential ligands of γδTCRs, based on biological and hypothetical pieces of evidence in the literature. In conclusion, we hypothetically suggest a possible role of induced antibodies according to the individual’s immune status, mainly of the IgG subclass, acting as γδTCR ligands. Considering that IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, and almost all vaccination protocols, our discussion opens a new and broad field to further exploration.

Non-atopic Neonatal Thymic Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) Identification and the Modulatory Effect of IgG From Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus (Derp)-Atopic Individuals

“…Apart from that, in the past years, some studies have demonstrated that IgG can play a pivotal role in mediating complex interactions that result in functional lymphocyte modulation during maturation in self or offspring primary lymphoid organs and how this implicates in the context of allergy (33,37,(49)(50)(51). These studies proposed several IgG idiotypes interacting with molecules expressed on B-and T-cell membranes during the maturation process, including clonal receptors (BCRs and TCRs).…”

The Mysterious Actor—γδ T Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)

“…Still, the exact mode is not clear, e.g., Vδ1 cells recognise both empty CD1 molecules, as well as those presenting glycolipid or phospholipid, although in the latter case the affinity is higher [ 60 , 61 ]. Some authors even suggest that IgG antibodies may be considered to be yet another ligand for γδ TCR [ 62 ]. For a wider overview of the topic, we suggest a recent review article by Malte Deseke and Immo Prinz [ 60 ].…”

Lymphopenia in COVID-19: γδ T Cells-Based Therapeutic Opportunities

“…As IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, this aspect, in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, opens a new and broad field for further exploration. If γδ T cells influence B cells in the opposite direction, it was speculated that γδ T cells are subject to influence by the IgG repertoire, which could act as a ligand of γδ TCR [63].…”