Natural Sirtuin1 Activators and Atherosclerosis: an Overview

Abstract

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent findings investigating the impact of several natural sirtuin (SIRT) activators, particularly SIRT1, on atherosclerosis. Recent Findings Sirtuins that belong to a family of class III histone deacetylases are believed to be novel therapeutic targets to treat age-related and chronic diseases. SIRT expression is regulated by small molecules called SIRT-activating compounds that can be found in natural food products. SIRT1 may exert protective effects in atherosclerosis, which is said to be a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Most of the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of these natural compounds comes from in vitro or animal-based studies, while there have been particularly few or inconsistent human-based studies evaluating their long-term impact in recent years. Summary SIRT1 activation has been demonstrated to mitigate or prevent atherosclerosis through various mechanisms. However, further research is required to determine the optimal SIRT activator dosage and to establish a stronger correlation between health effects and the administration of bioactive compounds. Additionally, conducting more human clinical trials is necessary to ensure the safety of these compounds for preventing atherosclerosis development.

Sirtuin 1 regulates the phenotype and functions of dendritic cells through Ido1 pathway in obesity.

“…Previous studies have identified IDO-1 as one of the principal regulatory molecules in the biology of DCs, closely associated with the NAD+ de novo pathway (Mondanelli et al, 2017). SIRT1 activity is influenced by the availability of essential metabolic coenzymes, such as NAD+, which acts as a cofactor for SIRT1-mediated deacetylation reactions (Łanoszka and Vlčková 2023;Wątroba, Szewczyk, and Szukiewicz 2023). This suggests the existence of a potential feedback mechanism that amplifies SIRT1 functionality.…”

Sirtuins Affect Cancer Stem Cells via Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy

“…While the precise mechanisms governing other SIRTs remain poorly comprehended, it seems that they operate within a regulatory environment that is similarly complex [15]. SIRT regulatory factors can be classified into four main categories [15][16][17]: (1) Regulating the transcription of multiple SIRTs can be achieved by modulating their nucleocytoplasmic transport. CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-α and E2F transcription factor 1 promote the transcription of SIRT1, whereas p53 and Hypermethylated in cancer 1 inhibit it [15].…”

“…In addition, natural food products contain SIRT-activating compounds, which are small molecules responsible for regulating the expression of SIRTs. These are catechins, resveratrol, quercetin, berberine, fisetin, and curcumin [17].…”