Natural Variation in Stylosanthes

Burt, R.L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-661680-4.50010-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The close relationships between the allopolyploids S. erecta, S. fruticosa, S. ingrata, S. scabra, S. sericeiceps, S. tuberculata and the diploid S. viscosa have been demonstrated before using isozyme, RFLP and/or STS analysis (Stace and Cameron 1984. A relationship between S. scabra and S. viscosa is also in agreement with morphological and agronomical data (Mohlenbrock 1958, Burt 1984. 't Mannetje (1984) observed morphological resemblances between S. scabra, S. tuberculata and S. fruticosa, suggesting that the first two species may be merged with S. fruticosa.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Entire Its Region Insupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Sawkins (1999) found seven additional ITS types in S. viscosa, one of which is identical to the ITS type that we found in the allotetraploid S. fruticosa. Similar conclusions about intraspecific variation can be drawn for S. humilis, which is also a widespread species with different morphological forms (Burt 1984). Within this species, sequence types C and D set apart a group of specimens from Mexico, Honduras, and Guatemala, to the exclusion of the specimens from Costa Rica, Panama, and South America; a similar pattern has been observed using the trnLF intergenic spacer and AFLP analysis (Vander Stappen et al 1999a, Vander Stappen et al 2000.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Entire Its Region Insupporting

confidence: 68%

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Phylogenetic relationships in Stylosanthes are inferred by DNA sequence analysis of the ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in 119 specimens, representing 36 species of Stylosanthes and 7 species of the outgroup genera Arachis and Chapmannia. In all examined specimens of any particular diploid and (allo)polyploid species, only a single ITS sequence type was observed. This allowed us to identify a parental genome donor for some of the polyploids. In several diploid and polyploid species, different specimens contained a different ITS sequence. Some of these sequence types were present in more than one species. Parsimony analysis yielded several well-supported clades that agree largely with analyses of the chloroplast trnL intron and partially with the current sectional classification. Discordances between the nuclear and cpDNA analyses are explained by a process of allopolyploidization with inheritance of the cpDNA of one parent and fixation of the ITS sequences of the other. S. viscosa has been an important genome donor in this process of speciation by allopolyploidy.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Entire Its Region Insupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Characteristics Of the Entire Its Region Insupporting

confidence: 68%

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“…that plant maturity and photoperiod interact to determine length of vegetative growth period and date of flower induction (lson and Humphreys, 1984). Stylosanthes guianensis consists of five morphological-anatomical groups, which vary in their flowering response and dry matter production (Burt, 1984). Selections from tropical regions generally flower in their first year with decreasing daylength, while those from more subtropical regions often fail to flower their first year but flower the second year with increasing daylength (Burt, 1984).…”

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Dry Matter Partitioning in a True vs. Facultative Annual Forage Legume

Williams¹,

Chambliss

Brolmann

1995

Agronomy Journal

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Differential partitioning of photosynthate has been suggested as the reason for low early‐season (8 to 12 wk post planting) dry matter (DM) yield of ‘Savanna’ stylo [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.], a facultative annual over much of its Florida range. In a 3‐yr field study (1991–1993), the effect of planting date (April vs. June) on root‐to‐shoot ratio (g g−1), leaf‐to‐stem ratio (g g−1), and total plant weight (g) of Savanna stylo was compared with common alyceclover [Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.], a true annual, for 16 wk post planting. Only time post planting consistently affected root‐to‐shoot ratio, which declined as time post planting increased. Within years, leaf‐to‐stem ratio also declined with increasing time post planting, but, on average, Savanna stylo had a higher leaf‐to‐stem ratio than alyceclover. There was a planting date × legume × year × time post planting interaction for total plant weight. This was because total plant weights, although similar regardless of planting date or legume in 1991 and 1993, differed in 1992, when April‐planted Savanna stylo plants had greater total plant DM than June‐planted Savanna stylo or either planting date of alyceclover. Across the 16‐wk post‐planting period, there was a consistent legume × planting date interaction each year for total plant weight. This was because both Aprilplanted legumes were vegetative for the full 16‐wk post‐planting period (April–August) and total plant weight remained similar, but only Savanna stylo remained vegetative for the full 16‐wk post June‐planting period (June–October). Total plant weight of June‐planted alyceclover was lower due to flowering and leaf loss in the later part of the 16‐wk post‐planting period. These data indicate that the lower early‐season DM yield of Savanna stylo compared with alyceclover is not due to physiological differences associated with perennial and annual growth habits.

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