Natural variation in the genes responsible for maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 in soybean

Tsubokura, Yasutaka; Watanabe, Satoshi; Xia, Zhengjun; Kanamori, Hajime; Yamagata, Harumi; Kaga, Akito; Katayose, Yūichi; Abe, Jun; Ishimoto, Masao; Harada, Kyuya

doi:10.1093/aob/mct269

Cited by 145 publications

(196 citation statements)

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“…For the E4 allelic variations, E4 , e4-SORE1 , e4-Kes , and e4-kam were found among the 180 cultivars, the latter three alleles were recessive (Figure 1H to 1J) [16], [29], [30]. The significance levels (P value) for the effect of E4 allelic variation were ranged from P = 0.029 to 0.869 with an average of 0.342 on flowering time (Table S4), and ranged from 0.022 to 0.238 with an average of 0.097 on maturity (R7 or R8, Table S5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The result showed that these allelic variations could explain about 62 to 66% of the phenotypic variation of flowering time among the 63 plant accessions used [29]. Xu et al (2013) studied 53 photoperiod insensitive soybean accessions including some cultivars from Heilongjiang, the most northern province in China, and classified them into 6 genotypic groups using genotype data of E1 to E4 [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allelic Variations at Four Major Maturity E Genes and Transcriptional Abundance of the E1 Gene Are Associated with Flowering Time and Maturity of Soybean Cultivars

et al. 2014

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The time to flowering and maturity are ecologically and agronomically important traits for soybean landrace and cultivar adaptation. As a typical short-day crop, long day conditions in the high-latitude regions require soybean cultivars with photoperiod insensitivity that can mature before frost. Although the molecular basis of four major E loci (E1 to E4) have been deciphered, it is not quite clear whether, or to what degree, genetic variation and the expression level of the four E genes are associated with the time to flowering and maturity of soybean cultivars. In this study, we genotyped 180 cultivars at E1 to E4 genes, meanwhile, the time to flowering and maturity of those cultivars were investigated at six geographic locations in China from 2011 to 2012 and further confirmed in 2013. The percentages of recessive alleles at E1, E2, E3 and E4 loci were 38.34%, 84.45%, 36.33%, and 7.20%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that allelic variations at each of four loci had a significant effect on flowering time as well as maturity. We classified the 180 cultivars into eight genotypic groups based on allelic variations of the four major E loci. The genetic group of e1-nf representing dysfunctional alleles at the E1 locus flowered earliest in all the geographic locations. In contrast, cultivars in the E1E2E3E4 group originated from the southern areas flowered very late or did not flower before frost at high latitude locations. The transcriptional abundance of functional E1 gene was significantly associated with flowering time. However, the ranges of time to flowering and maturity were quite large within some genotypic groups, implying the presence of some other unknown genetic factors that are involved in control of flowering time or maturity. Known genes (e.g. E3 and E4) and other unknown factors may function, at least partially, through regulation of the expression of the E1 gene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic Variations at Four Major Maturity E Genes and Transcriptional Abundance of the E1 Gene Are Associated with Flowering Time and Maturity of Soybean Cultivars

et al. 2014

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“…Soybean adaptability is primarily defined by expression of flowering genes [7], which may adjust duration of heading and maturity to maximize resource capture while minimizing the effect of abiotic stresses for specific environments. Flowering genes have been assigned to a series ( E1-E8 ) [6], [9]. E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 and their roles in flowering time and maturation have been characterized [9], [10], while the identity and function of E5-E8 genes remains largely unknown [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowering genes have been assigned to a series ( E1-E8 ) [6], [9]. E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 and their roles in flowering time and maturation have been characterized [9], [10], while the identity and function of E5-E8 genes remains largely unknown [5]. It was shown that E1-E4 genes are involved in regulation of both pre-flowering and post-flowering growth of plants under different photoperiod length [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Soybean Flowering and Seed Maturation Time in Different Latitude Regions of Kazakhstan

et al. 2016

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Soybean is still a minor crop in Kazakhstan despite an increase in planting area from 4,500 to 11,400 km2 between 2006 and 2014. However, the Government’s recently accepted crop diversification policy projects the expansion of soybean cultivation area to more than 40,000 km2 by 2020. The policy is targeting significant expansion of soybean production in South-eastern, Eastern, and Northern regions of Kazakhstan. Successful realization of this policy requires a comprehensive characterization of plant growth parameters to identify optimal genotypes with appropriate adaptive phenotypic traits. In this study 120 soybean accessions from different parts of the World, including 18 accessions from Kazakhstan, were field tested in South-eastern, Eastern, and Northern regions of the country. These studies revealed positive correlation of yield with flowering time in Northern Kazakhstan, with seed maturity time in Eastern Kazakhstan, and with both these growth stages in South-eastern Kazakhstan. It was determined that in South-eastern, Eastern and Northern regions of Kazakhstan the majority of productive genotypes were in maturity groups MGI, MG0, and MG00, respectively. The accessions were genotyped for four major maturity genes (E1, E2, E3, and E4) in order to assess the relationship between E loci and agronomic traits. The allele composition of the majority of accessions was e1-as/e2/E3/E4 (specific frequencies 57.5%, 91.6%, 65.0%, and 63.3%, respectively). Accessions with dominant alleles in either E3 or E4 genes showed higher yield in all three regions, although the specific genotype associated with greatest productivity was different for each site. Genotype-environment interaction studies based on yield performances suggest that South-east and East regions formed one mega-environment, which was well separated from North Kazakhstan where significantly earlier time to maturation is required. The results provide important insights into the relationship between genetic and phenotypic patterns in new soybean growing territories in Kazakhstan.

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“…Using regression analyses, Tsubokura et al (2014) found that multi-locus genotypes at E1 to E4 account for 62–66% of natural variation in flowering time among (mainly Japanese) soybean cultivars. Various allelic combinations at the E1 , E3 , and E4 loci control the absence of or reduced photoperiod sensitivity, which is essential for adaptation to high latitudes, although this trait is also affected by an unknown gene(s) (Xu et al , 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soybean quantitative trait locus that promotes flowering under long days is identified asFT5a, aFLOWERING LOCUS Tortholog

Takeshima

Hayashi

Zhu

et al. 2016

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Natural variation in the genes responsible for maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 in soybean

Abstract: The study advances understanding of the combined roles of the E1-E4 loci in flowering and geographic adaptation, and suggests the existence of unidentified genes for flowering in soybean.

Cited by 145 publications

References 24 publications

Allelic Variations at Four Major Maturity E Genes and Transcriptional Abundance of the E1 Gene Are Associated with Flowering Time and Maturity of Soybean Cultivars

Allelic Variations at Four Major Maturity E Genes and Transcriptional Abundance of the E1 Gene Are Associated with Flowering Time and Maturity of Soybean Cultivars

Assessment of Soybean Flowering and Seed Maturation Time in Different Latitude Regions of Kazakhstan

A soybean quantitative trait locus that promotes flowering under long days is identified asFT5a, aFLOWERING LOCUS Tortholog

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