Natural variations in the appearance and the positions of the mental foramen in a selected population of Karachi (Pakistan).

Abstract

<jats:p>Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the most common appearance, horizontal and vertical positions of the mental foramen (MF), using the panoramic radiographs in a selected population of Karachi (Pakistan). As this is relevant to consider prior to plan any maxillofacial surgical procedures in order to avoid nerve injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Radiology Department of the Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad khan institute of oral health sciences (Dow University of Health Sciences). Period: 25th September to 5th November 2018. Material &amp; Methods: Total 500 panoramic images were assessed. The study was divided in to the two group i.e. male and female adult patients in which the appearance, anterior-posterior positions and the superior-inferior positions of the MF was analyzed on the panoramic radiographs. Results: Total 500 OPG were accessed, the age ranges between 12 years to 73 years, 229 were male, 271 were females, and majority of MF were separated type (n=341, 68.2%) on right side and (n=373, 74.6%) on left side. And the most common superio-inferior position of the MF on both sides were position 2 (below the level of apices of 1st and 2nd premolar) on right side (n=387, 77.4%) and on left side (n=376, 75.2%), and the most common anterio-posterior position of the MF on both the right and left side is position 4 ( M.F lies in the line of 2nd premolars), on right side (n=269, 53.8%) and on left side (n=255, 51%). Conclusion: In this study the “separated type” was the most common type of appearance in both genders and the most frequent superio-inferior position of the MF is below the level of apices of 1st and 2nd premolar on both right and left sides. And the most common anterior-posterior position is within the line of longitudinal axis of 2nd premolar on both sides.</jats:p>

<p><strong>Tipe visibilitas <em>foramen mental</em> dengan <em>canalis mandibularis</em> pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelamin</p><em><strong>Visibility type of the mental foramen towards mandibular canal from panoramic radiography according to age and sex</p></em></strong>

“…Hasil penelitian visibilitas Foramen mental dan canalis mandibularis tipe 3 (diffuse type) dan 4 (unidentified type) dapat disebabkan oleh sulitnya mengidentifikasi visibilitas foramen mental dan canalis mandibularis pada mandibula dengan pola trabekula mandibula. Hasil penelitian ini selaras dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Yosue dan Brooks 7 pada pasien incomplete dentition hingga pasien edentulous, memperlihatkan visibilitas foramen mental tipe 2 (separated type) menempati posisi tertinggi dengan persentase sebesar 43%, yang dikonfirmasi dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dilakukan oleh Fatima et al 20 pada pasien usia 12 tahun hingga lebih dari 50 tahun, yaitu memperlihatkan visibilitas foramen mental tertinggi adalah separated type dengan persentase sebesar 74,6%.…”

“…Densitas tulang trabekular pada perempuan dilaporkan lebih rendah dan cenderung akan menurun secara drastis seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. 20,28 Hormon juga dilaporkan dapat turut berkontribusi pada perkembangan variasi morfologi kraniofasial antar jenis kelamin. 29 Pertumbuhan mandibula pada perempuan berlangsung lebih awal dibandingkan laki-laki, namun pada laki-laki pertumbuhan mandibula berlangsung lebih lama dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan yang lebih besar dibandingkan perempuan.…”