Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context: Saph Pani

Wintgens, Thomas; Nättorp, Anders; Elango, L.; Asolekar, Shyam R.

doi:10.2166/9781780408392

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In 2011, the Indo-German Competence Centre on RBF was founded under the guidance of the National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, following the approval by the Indian Ministry of Water Resources. The EU-Indian project "Saph Pani" (2013-2015) included a work package on RBF (Wintgens et al 2016). In parallel, South Korea became a leading country in Asia in constructing horizontal collector wells for RBF (e.g.…”

Section: And References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In countries where new BF schemes are planned, innovative methods for site assessment are needed to address major issues (e. g. Wang et al 2016) such as induced clogging of river/lake beds (Hubbs 2006;Soares et al 2010;Pholkern et al 2015), prediction of attenuation rates and bank filtrate quality as well as further treatment requirements (Wintgens et al 2016;AquaNES 2016;Sharma et al 2012b). New technical developments are reported mainly from the US: drilling of angle wells for RBF at the Missouri River, use of an inflatable dam to enhance RBF at the Russian River (Ray et al 2011) and construction of a tunnel with laterals beneath the Ohio River bed by the Louisville Water Company (Hubbs et al 2003), finalized in 2011 and exceeding all known abstraction rates per km river length, leading to a high risk of riverbed clogging.…”

Section: And References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sixty years of global progress in managed aquifer recharge

et al. 2018

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The last 60 years has seen unprecedented groundwater extraction and overdraft as well as development of new technologies for water treatment that together drive the advance in intentional groundwater replenishment known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This paper is the first known attempt to quantify the volume of MAR at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements. Faced with changing climate and rising intensity of climate extremes, MAR is an increasingly important water management strategy, alongside demand management, to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. During this time, scientific research-on hydraulic design of facilities, tracer studies, managing clogging, recovery efficiency and water quality changes in aquifers-has underpinned practical improvements in MAR and has had broader benefits in hydrogeology. Recharge wells have greatly accelerated recharge, particularly in urban areas and for mine water management. In recent years, research into governance, operating practices, reliability, economics, risk assessment and public acceptance of MAR has been undertaken. Since the 1960s, implementation of MAR has accelerated at a rate of 5%/year, but is not keeping pace with increasing groundwater extraction. Currently, MAR has reached an estimated 10 km 3 /year,~2.4% of groundwater extraction in countries reporting MAR (or~1.0% of global groundwater extraction). MAR is likely to exceed 10% of global extraction, based on experience where MAR is more advanced, to sustain quantity, reliability and quality of water supplies. Keywords Managed aquifer recharge. Artificial recharge. Review. Water banking. History of hydrogeology This article is one of a series developed by the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge

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Section: And References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sixty years of global progress in managed aquifer recharge

et al. 2018

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“…Grützmacher [16] stated that the elimination of cyanobacteria toxins during the BF process requires at least ten days of residence. Wintgens [17] demonstrated that a subsurface travelling time of 50 days is adequate to remove pathogens and provide high-quality drinking water. Maeng [18], conversely, found a negative relationship between the travel time and redox potential of the bank filtrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Performance of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates: Case Study in Egypt

Abdelrady

Sharma

Sefelnasr

et al. 2020

Water

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Bank filtration (BF) is acknowledged as a sustainable and effective technique to provide drinking water of adequate quality; it has been known for a long time in Europe. However, this technique is site-specific and therefore its application in developing countries with different hydrologic and environment conditions remains limited. In this research, a 3-discipline study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of the application of this technique in Aswan City (Egypt). Firstly, a hydrological model was developed to identify key environmental factors that influence the effectiveness of BF, and to formulate plans for the design and management of the BF system. Secondly, water samples were collected for one year (January 2017 to December 2017) from the water sources and monitoring wells to characterize the bank-filtrate quality. Lastly, an economic study was conducted to compare the capital and operating costs of BF and the existing treatment techniques. The results demonstrated that there is high potential for application of BF under such hydrological and environmental conditions. However, there are some aspects that could restrict the BF efficacy and must therefore be considered during the design process. These include the following: (i) Over-pumping practices can reduce travel time, and thus decrease the efficiency of treatment; (ii) Locating the wells near the surface water systems (<50 m) decreases the travel time to the limit (<10 days), and thus could restrict the treatment capacity. In such case, a low pumping rate must be applied; (iii) the consequences of lowering the surface water level can be regulated through the continuous operation of the wells. Furthermore, laboratory analysis indicated that BF is capable of producing high quality drinking water. However, an increase in organic matter (i.e., humics) concentration was observed in the pumped water, which increases the risk of trihalomethanes being produced if post-chlorination is implemented. The economic study ultimately demonstrated that BF is an economic and sustainable technique for implementation in Aswan City to address the demand for potable water.

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“…The sites are often designed with shorter travel times compared to Europe, where RBF has been widely applied for more than 130 years to produce drinking water along the Rhine, Elbe, Danube, and Seine rivers. Furthermore, in developing regions, the interest in RBF is increasing and the feasibility of its application has been evaluated under different hydrological and hydrogeological conditions (e.g., in India [16], Egypt [17], and Thailand [18]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of River Bank Filtration and Solar-driven Electro-Chlorination Assuring Safe Drinking Water Supply for River Bound Communities in India

Otter

Malakar

Sandhu

et al. 2019

Water

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The supply of safe drinking water in rural developing areas is still a matter of concern, especially if surface water, shallow wells, and wells with non-watertight headworks are sources for drinking water. Continuously changing raw water conditions, flood and extreme rainfall events, anthropogenic pollution, and lacking electricity supply in developing regions require new and adapted solutions to treat and render water safe for distribution. This paper presents the findings of a pilot test conducted in Uttarakhand, India, where a river bank filtration (RBF) well was combined with a solar-driven and online-monitored electro-chlorination system, treating fecal-contaminated Ganga River water. While the RBF well provided nearly turbidity- and pathogen-free water as well as buffered fluctuations in source water qualities, the electro-chlorination system provided disinfection based on the inline conversion of chloride to hypochlorous acid. The conducted sampling campaigns provided complete disinfection (>6.7 log) and the adequate supply of residual disinfectant (0.27 ± 0.17 mg/L). The system could be further optimized to local conditions and allows the supply of microbial-safe water for river bound communities, even during monsoon periods and under the low natural chloride regimes typical for this region.

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Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context: Saph Pani

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Sixty years of global progress in managed aquifer recharge

Sixty years of global progress in managed aquifer recharge

Analysis of the Performance of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates: Case Study in Egypt

Combination of River Bank Filtration and Solar-driven Electro-Chlorination Assuring Safe Drinking Water Supply for River Bound Communities in India

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