Natural zwitterionic l -Carnitine as efficient cryoprotectant for solvent-free cell cryopreservation

Zhai, Hongwen; Yang, Jing; Zhang, Jiamin; Pan, Chao; Cai, Nana; Zhu, Yingnan; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.045

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel was shown to resist the foreign body reaction when implanted in mice for at least 3 months, demonstrating its biocompatible nature . In our previous study, we cryopreserved several mammalian cell lines using zwitterionic molecules, betaine and l -carnitine, which can quickly enter these mammalian cells for intracellular cryoprotection. , However, zwitterionic molecule as a sole CPA cannot achieve favorable cryopreservation efficiency for some specific cell types, such as chondrocytes or human stem cells. Therefore, to achieve a higher cryoprotection efficacy, it is necessary to add a supplementary extracellular CPA to provide more bioprotection of chondrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DMSO-free cryopreservation of chondrocytes based on zwitterionic molecule and polymers

et al. 2019

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Cartilage tissue engineering highly relies on the ability to store and transport chondrocytes in order to be clinically successful. Cryopreservation is a most reliable technology for chondrocyte storage, but it suffers from the intrinsic toxicity of current state-of-the-art cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In this work, we used the first fully zwitterionic compound-based approach for effective chondrocyte cryopreservation. A zwitterionic molecule combined with zwitterionic polymers could balance intra/ extracellular osmotic stress and prevent ice formation, which were the keys of successful cryopreservation. Moreover, this zwitterionic combination showed noncytotoxicity due to its high biocompatibility, superior to cytotoxic DMSO. On the basis of these performances, chondrocytes could be well cryopreserved (∼90% post-thaw survival efficiency) for a long time without any addition of DMSO, and the recovered cells could maintain their normal functionalities. In view of the association between polymer molecular weight and cryopreservation efficacy, further mechanism of cryoprotection provided by zwitterionic molecule/polymer was proposed. This work opens a new window of opportunity for DMSO-free cryopreservation using biocompatible zwitterionic materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DMSO-free cryopreservation of chondrocytes based on zwitterionic molecule and polymers

et al. 2019

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“…On the basis of the model systems, we further investigated the possible occurrence of mepiquat in food systems. Beef is known to naturally contain many nutrients, namely lysine, carbohydrates, carnitine, and so on. ,, On the basis of previous studies, we identified carnitine as a possible intermediate en route to the formation of mepiquat. Therefore, we chose beef as food matrix and two thermal applications, i.e., baking and frying.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carnitine, A New Precursor in the Formation of the Plant Growth Regulator Mepiquat

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Carnitine is demonstrated as an effective methyl donor in the formation of the plant growth regulator N, N-dimethylpiperidinium (mepiquat), encompassing either N-methylation/decarboxylation of pipecolic acid, or Maillard pathways followed by transmethylation reactions. The formation of mepiquat and the intermediate compounds was monitored (180-300 °C, up to 180 min) using HPLC-MS/MS in different binary or ternary model systems composed of (i) lysine/fructose/carnitine, (ii) lysine/glucose/carnitine, or (iii) pipecolic acid (PipAc)/carnitine. The highest yield of mepiquat was 2.4% after 120 min incubation at 290 °C (PipAc/carnitine model system). The highest yield was recorded in fructose and glucose (Maillard) systems after 180 min at 230 °C. The full-scan mode was used to monitor the formation of the corresponding intermediates (piperidine and N-methylpiperidine, the demethylated intermediates of carnitine). The new pathways of mepiquat formation indicate that the occurrence of low levels of this thermally induced compound is potentially more widespread in some selected cooked foodstuffs. For the first time, mepiquat was detected in oven-cooked beef, reaching up to 82.5 μg/kg. These amounts are not expected to significantly contribute to the overall exposure via different foodstuffs, as reported in previous studies.

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“…Zwitterionic polymers are derived from naturally occurring zwitterions, which are able to strongly bind water molecules. These zwitterions play many roles in nature such as osmolytes and can be used for applications such as antifreezing. − As is well-known, ice nucleation and growth are well correlated with the aggregation of water molecules via hydrogen bonds to form infinitely well-organized networks. During the freezing process, the phase transition first requires a crystallite formation via reduced thermal fluctuation (ice nucleation).…”

Section: Nonspecific Protein Adsorption Nonfouling and Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zwitterionic Biomaterials

et al. 2022

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The term “zwitterionic polymers” refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally distributed at the molecular level, the molecules exhibit an overall neutral charge with a strong hydration effect via ionic solvation. The strong hydration effect constitutes the foundation of a series of exceptional properties of zwitterionic materials, including resistance to protein adsorption, lubrication at interfaces, promotion of protein stabilities, antifreezing in solutions, etc. As a result, zwitterionic materials have drawn great attention in biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. In this review, we give a comprehensive and panoramic overview of zwitterionic materials, covering the fundamentals of hydration and nonfouling behaviors, different types of zwitterionic surfaces and polymers, and their biomedical applications.

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Natural zwitterionic l -Carnitine as efficient cryoprotectant for solvent-free cell cryopreservation

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

DMSO-free cryopreservation of chondrocytes based on zwitterionic molecule and polymers

DMSO-free cryopreservation of chondrocytes based on zwitterionic molecule and polymers

Carnitine, A New Precursor in the Formation of the Plant Growth Regulator Mepiquat

Zwitterionic Biomaterials

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