Naturalistic Stimuli in Neuroscience: Critically Acclaimed

Sonkusare, Saurabh; Breakspear, Michael; Guo, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.004

Cited by 448 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…These findings have implications for our interpretation of time-varying FC not just during passive moviewatching [35], but also during task-free conditions. Most importantly, we show that the fMRI BOLD response is capable of resolving meaningful fluctuations in timevarying FC (albeit only in the statistical sense).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Recently, movie-watching paradigms have become popular within the neuroimaging [35][36][37][38] and network neuroscience communities [39][40][41][42], where FC estimated from movie-watching exhibits greater test-retest reliability [43], benefits from reduced in-scanner head motion [44,45], and enhances the identifiability of individual subjects [46] compared to rest. Additionally, movies feature correlated categories that better match the statistical properties of our day-to-day experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal fluctuations in the brain’s modular architecture during movie-watching

Betzel

Byrge

Esfahlani

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Brain networks are flexible and reconfigure over time to support ongoing cognitive processes. However, tracking statistically meaningful reconfigurations across time has proven difficult. This has to do largely with issues related to sampling variability, making instantaneous estimation of network organization difficult, along with increased reliance on task-free (cognitively unconstrained) experimental paradigms, limiting the ability to interpret the origin of changes in network structure over time. Here, we address these challenges using time-varying network analysis in conjunction with a naturalistic viewing paradigm. Specifically, we developed a measure of inter-subject network similarity and used this measure as a coincidence filter to identify synchronous fluctuations in network organization across individuals. Applied to movie-watching data, we found that periods of high inter-subject similarity coincided with reductions in network modularity and increased connectivity between cognitive systems. In contrast, low inter-subject similarity was associated with increased system segregation and more rest-like architectures. We then used a data-driven approach to uncover clusters of functional connections that follow similar trajectories over time and are more strongly correlated during movie-watching than at rest. Finally, we show that synchronous fluctuations in network architecture over time can be linked to a subset of features in the movie. Our findings link dynamic fluctuations in network integration and segregation to patterns of intersubject similarity, and suggest that moment-to-moment fluctuations in FC reflect shared cognitive processing across individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal fluctuations in the brain’s modular architecture during movie-watching

Betzel

Byrge

Esfahlani

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Data acquisition during movie watching improves compliance in young children, thus reducing movement artifacts in the recordings. Also, it allows the recording of neural activity during the viewing of naturalistic stimuli Cantlon and Li (2013) and enhances brain-behavior correlations Vanderwal et al (2018) and test-retest reliability Sonkusare et al (2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking flexibility of brain networks to cognitive development in preschool children

Chamakura

Daimi

Watanabe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recent studies of functional connectivity networks (FCNs) suggest that the reconfiguration of brain network across time, both at rest and during task, is linked with cognition in human adults. In this study, we tested this prediction, i.e. cognitive ability is associated with a flexible brain network in preschool children of 3-4 years -a critical age, representing a 'blossoming period' for brain development. We recorded magnetoencephalogram (MEG) data from 88 preschoolers, and assessed their cognitive ability by a battery of cognitive tests. We estimated FCNs obtained from the source reconstructed MEG recordings, and characterized the temporal variability at each node using a novel path-based measure of temporal variability; the latter captures reconfiguration of the node's interactions to the rest of the network across time. Using connectome predictive modeling, we demonstrated that the temporal variability of fronto-temporal nodes in the dynamic FCN can reliably predict out-of-scanner performance of short-term memory and attention distractability in novel participants. Further, we observed that the network-level temporal variability increased with age, while individual nodes exhibited an inverse relationship between temporal variability and node centrality. These results demonstrate that functional brain networks, and especially their reconfiguration ability, are important to cognition at an early but a critical stage of human brain development.

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“…These modifications allow participants to gather more information about the affective content of the faces, reducing ambiguity and increasing ecological validity of the stimuli and the ratings (e.g. the fact that in real life social interactions people have reasonably long time to observe others’ facial emotions, see Sonkusare, Breakspear and Guo (2019) for a critical appraisal of existing task designs in cognitive neuroscience 48 ). Therefore, in future studies, it would be very important to gather large-scale data to validate the affective content of the facial expressions used in the current study, which can help understanding how symptoms of depression and anxiety influence facial emotion recognition in the wider population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective biases encoded by the central arousal systems dynamically modulate inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations

Murphy

Harmer

Browning

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractNegotiating with others about how finite resources should be distributed is an important aspect of human social life. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying human social-interactive decision-making. Here, we report results from a novel iterative Ultimatum Game (UG) task, in which the proposer’s facial emotions and offer amounts were sampled probabilistically based on the participant’s decisions, creating a gradually evolving social-interactive decision-making environment. Our model-free results confirm the prediction that both the proposer’s facial emotions and the offer amount influence human choice behaviour. These main effects demonstrate that biases in facial emotion recognition also contribute to violations of the Rational Actor model (i.e. all offers should be accepted). Model-based analyses extend these findings, indicating that participants’ decisions are guided by an aversion to inequality in the UG. We highlight that the proposer’s facial responses to participant decisions dynamically modulate how human decision-makers perceive self–other inequality, relaxing its otherwise negative influence on decision values. In iterative games, this cognitive model underlies how offers initially rejected can gradually become more acceptable under increasing affective load, and accurately predicts 86% of participant decisions. Activity of the central arousal systems, assessed by measuring pupil size, encode a key element of this model: proposer’s affective reactions in response to participant decisions. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, under affective load, participants’ aversion to inequality is a malleable cognitive process which is modulated by the activity of the pupil-linked central arousal systems.

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Naturalistic Stimuli in Neuroscience: Critically Acclaimed

Cited by 448 publications

References 152 publications

Temporal fluctuations in the brain’s modular architecture during movie-watching

Temporal fluctuations in the brain’s modular architecture during movie-watching

Linking flexibility of brain networks to cognitive development in preschool children

Affective biases encoded by the central arousal systems dynamically modulate inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations

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