Naturally acid waters from Copahue volcano, Argentina

Varekamp, Johan C.; Ouimette, A.; Herman, Scott W.; Flynn, Kathryn; Bermudez, A.; Delpino, Daniel H.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.018

Cited by 104 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…8) are characterized by strong LREE depletion. A similar shape of pattern with LREE depletion was already observed in other acid-sulphate waters from Waiotapu (New Zealand), Copahue volcano (Argentina), Santa Ana (El Salvador), Kawah Ihen Crater Lake (Indonesia) and Kutomintar and Sinarka volcanoes (Kawah Ijen) (Takano et al, 2004;Wood et al, 2006;Varekamp et al, 2009;Colvin et al, 2013;Kalacheva et al, 2015). Strong REE fractionation occurs during the hydrothermal alteration in very low pH waters with high SO 4 2− contents, showing higher LREE contents in alunitic advanced argillic alterated rocks compared to the unalterated volcanic rocks (Hikov, 2011).…”

Section: Ree Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…10b), except for the waters of Group 1 where a strong positive anomaly (1.22-7.43) occurs, suggesting additional processes that fractionate the REE. The strong positive Eu anomaly found in the water of Group 1a could be justified by the slow interaction of waters with Eu enriched plagioclase, as already recognized in other hydrothermal systems (Wood, 2003 and references therein;Varekamp et al, 2009;Peiffer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Ree Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Strong depletions of Fe, Al, K and minor depletion of Na (Fig. 5) suggest the precipitation of alunite [(K,Na)Al 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 )] and jarosite [(K, Na)Fe 3 (SO4) 2 (OH) 6 ], typical minerals precipitating in hyperacid hydrothermal systems (Taran et al, 2008;Varekamp et al, 2009;Colvin et al, 2013). The waters of Group 1 don't reflect the composition of the average local rock, showing the strong depletions in Fe and Al (Fig.…”

Section: D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Geochemistry of REE, Zr and Hf in a wide range of pH and water composition: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia)

et al. 2015

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Section: Ree Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Ree Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Geochemistry of REE, Zr and Hf in a wide range of pH and water composition: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia)

et al. 2015

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“…During quiescent periods, the active crater hosts a hot acidic lake (up to 63°C and pH b 1) (Varekamp et al, 2001;Varekamp et al 2009;Agusto, 2011;Agusto et al, 2012;2013). Two acidic hot springs (up to 80°C and pH = 1-2) discharge in the eastern summit flank of the cone and merge downstream to form the upper Agrio river (pH = 2-3), which flows into the acidified glacial Lake Caviahue (Martini et al, 1997;Gammoms et al 2005;Varekamp, 2008;Caselli et al, 2005;Agusto, 2011;Agusto and Varekamp 2015).…”

Section: Geological Volcanological and Hydrothermal Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide diffuse emission and thermal energy release from hydrothermal systems at Copahue–Caviahue Volcanic Complex (Argentina)

Chiodini

Cardellini

Lamberti

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The north-western sector of Caviahue caldera (Argentina), close to the active volcanic system of Copahue, is characterized by the presence of several hydrothermal sites that host numerous fumarolic emissions, anomalous soil diffuse degassing of CO 2 and hot soils. In March 2014, measurements of soil CO 2 fluxes in 5 of these sites (namely, Las Máquinas, Las Maquinitas I, Las Maquinitas II, Anfiteatro, and Termas de Copahue) allowed an estimation that 165 t of deeply derived CO 2 is daily released. The gas source is likely related to a relatively shallow geothermal reservoir containing a single vapor phase as also suggested by both the geochemical data from the 3 deep wells drilled in the 1980s and gas geoindicators applied to the fumarolic discharges. Gas equilibria within the H-C-O gas system indicate the presence of a large, probably unique, single phase vapor zone at 200-210°C feeding the hydrothermal manifestations of Las Máquinas, Las Maquinitas I and II and Termas de Copahue. A natural thermal release of 107 MW was computed by using CO 2 as a tracer of the original vapor phase. The magmatic signature of the incondensable fumarolic gases, the wide expanse of the hydrothermal areas and the remarkable high amount of gas and heat released by fluid expulsion seem to be compatible with an active magmatic intrusion beneath this portion of the Caviahue caldera.

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“…Gravity anomaly studies (Gottsmann et al 2008;Coco et al 2016) and acoustic waves (Ferrazzini and Aki 1987) also provide insight into subsurface processes. Measurements of water chemistry composition from hydrothermal manifestation such as boiling pools, crater lakes and thermal springs are also routinely conducted (Varekamp et al 2001(Varekamp et al , 2009Federico et al 2002;Tassi et al 2003). The increase of Rare Earth Elements (REE)/Cl, RFEs (e.g., Ca, Mg, K)/Cl and the increase in SiO 2 concentration are indicative of either intrusion of fresh magma within the hydrothermal reservoir or exposure to water/rock interaction of fresh rock due to hydrofracturing (Varekamp et al 2008).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Systems and Unrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest

Jasim

Hemmings

Mayer

et al. 2018

Advances in Volcanology

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Hydrology around active volcanoes is strongly controlled by the interaction between groundwater, and the fluids, dissolved elements and heat associated with magmatic intrusion. The chemical and mechanical processes associated with magmatic unrest can result in observable changes in the hydrothermal system. Consequently, observations of chemical and physical hydrothermal variations may provide insights into the state of volcanic activity. Additionally, the interaction between hydrological and volcanic systems leads to the presence of high-temperature, pressurised, and often acidic fluids, which add to, and intensify, the volcanic hazard. In the following chapter we present the major components of, and controls on, magmatic hydrothermal systems focusing on the mutual perturbation between the groundwater flow system and the volcanic system. We explore how these conditions can be modified by volcanic unrest and we identify feedbacks between dynamic hydrothermal behaviour and on-going unrest. The interaction between these systems, and therefore the associated monitoring signals, are the result of complex groundwater-volcano coupling within multi-phase flow system in evolving lithologies. Nonetheless, detailed monitoring of hydrothermal and hydrological behaviour can provide insights into unrest and the evolution of hazards at restless volcanoes.

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Naturally acid waters from Copahue volcano, Argentina

Cited by 104 publications

References 49 publications

Geochemistry of REE, Zr and Hf in a wide range of pH and water composition: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia)

Geochemistry of REE, Zr and Hf in a wide range of pH and water composition: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano-hydrothermal system (Colombia)

Carbon dioxide diffuse emission and thermal energy release from hydrothermal systems at Copahue–Caviahue Volcanic Complex (Argentina)

Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest

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