Naturally-acquired immunity in Syrian Golden Hamsters provides protection from re-exposure to emerging heterosubtypic SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351

Clark, Jordan; Sharma, Parul; Bentley, Eleanor G.; Harding, Adam; Kipar, Anja; Neary, Megan; Box, Helen; Hughes, Grant L.; Patterson, Edward I; Sharp, Joanne; Oliveira, Túlio de; Sigal, Alex; Hiscox, Julian A.; James, William; Carroll, Miles W.; Owen, Andrew; Stewart, James

doi:10.1101/2021.03.10.434447

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, mild to moderate patchy to circular periarterial lymphocyte and macrophage dominated mononuclear infiltration, mild arteritis and vascular endothelial cell activation was also observed (Fig. 4), as previously described 16–18 . The lungs of Omicron variant infected mice appeared grossly widely unaltered (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19

Bentley

Kirby

Sharma

et al. 2021

Preprint

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COVID-19 is a spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. The B.1.1.529 Omicron variant is rapidly emerging and has been designated a Variant of Concern (VOC). The variant is highly transmissible and partially or fully evades a spectrum of neutralising antibodies due to a high number of substitutions in the spike glycoprotein. A major question is the relative severity of disease caused by the Omicron variant compared with previous and currently circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2. To address this, a mouse model of infection that recapitulates severe disease in humans, K18-hACE2 mice, were infected with either a Pango B, Delta or Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and their relative pathogenesis compared. In contrast to mice infected with Pango B and Delta variant viruses, those infected with the Omicron variant had less severe clinical signs (weight loss), showed recovery and had a lower virus load in both the lower and upper respiratory tract. This is also reflected by less extensive inflammatory processes in the lungs. Although T cell epitopes may be conserved, the antigenic diversity of Omicron from previous variants would suggest that a change in vaccine may be required to mitigate against the higher transmissibility and global disease burden. However, the lead time to develop such a response may be too late to mitigate the spread and effects of Omicron. These animal model data suggest the clinical consequences of infection with the Omicron variant may be less severe but the higher transmissibility could still place huge burden upon healthcare systems even if a lower proportion of infected patients are hospitalised.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19

Bentley

Kirby

Sharma

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Some variants with deletions in viral genes that suppress the innate response are associated with milder infections,14 but Challen and colleagues report evidence that a B.1.1.7 variant might be associated with an increase in mortality 6. This is consistent with animal studies showing increased weight loss in Syrian hamsters infected with a B.1.1.7 lineage, compared with controls infected with a previously circulating strain 15…”

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confidence: 66%

Covid-19: variants and vaccination

Darby

Hiscox

2021

BMJ

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“…Our reinfection data confirm the prior observations and also show that heterologous reinfection with VOC B.1.351 results in limited replication in the lungs, absence of pathology and prevention of onwards transmission in a direct contact transmission model. Protection against VOC B.1.351 rechallenge was demonstrated in the Syrian hamster model after prior intranasal infection with a lineage A virus [36]. However, this study relied on a high-dose intranasal infection with lineage A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protection against VOC B.1.351 rechallenge was demonstrated in the Syrian hamster model after prior intranasal infection with a lineage A virus [ 36 ]. However, this study relied on a high-dose intranasal infection with lineage A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

Yinda

Port

Bushmaker

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs). It is currently unclear whether previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection with VOCs.Here, we show that low dose aerosol exposure to hCoV-19/human/USA/WA-CDC-WA1/2020 (WA1, lineage A), resulted in a productive mild infection. In contrast, low dose of SARS-CoV-2 via fomites did not result in productive infection in the majority of exposed hamsters and these animals remained nonseroconverted. After recovery, hamsters were re-exposed to hCoV-19/South African/KRISP-K005325/2020 (VOC B.1.351) via an intranasal challenge. Seroconverted rechallenged animals did not lose weight and shed virus for 3 days. They had little infectious virus and no pathology in the lungs. In contrast, shedding, weight loss and extensive pulmonary pathology caused by B.1.351 replication was observed in the non-seroconverted animals. The rechallenged seroconverted animals did not transmit virus to naïve sentinels via direct contact transmission, in contrast to the non-seroconverted animals. Reinfection with B.1.351 triggered an anamnestic response that boosted not only neutralizing titers against lineage A, but also titers against B.1.351. Our results confirm that aerosol exposure is a more efficient infection route than fomite exposure. Furthermore, initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage A does not prevent heterologous reinfection with B.1.351 but prevents disease and onward transmission. These data suggest that previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure induces partial protective immunity. The reinfection generated a broadly neutralizing humoral response capable of effectively neutralizing B.1.351 while maintaining its ability to neutralize the virus to which the initial response was directed against.

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Naturally-acquired immunity in Syrian Golden Hamsters provides protection from re-exposure to emerging heterosubtypic SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 Variant leads to less severe disease than Pango B and Delta variants strains in a mouse model of severe COVID-19

Covid-19: variants and vaccination

Prior aerosol infection with lineage A SARS-CoV-2 variant protects hamsters from disease, but not reinfection with B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant

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