Chronic wounds caused by pathogenic bacterial infections have been a worldwide medical threat and challenge, ZnO is a promising antibacterial agent to promote infected wound healing. However, ZnO particles need to be with a wound dressing material to improve low-dose antibacterial e cacy while reducing cytotoxicity. The natural polysaccharide, chitin-based hydrogels can be applied as a preferential supporting matrix for the deposition of ZnO. In this study, we developed chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels (CZG hydrogels), which were applied for the bio lm-infected full-thickness wound treatment. The threedimensional hydrophilic network structure of chitin hydrogels provided a large number of absorption sites for Zn 2+ ions, and CZG hydrogels were prepared by in situ synthesis of ZnO. CZG hydrogels had potent broad-spectrum and long-lasting antibacterial activity, good bacteriostatic ability against high concentration of bacterial uids. The in vivo studies showed that CZG hydrogels have a signi cant effect of accelerating bio lm-infected wound healing. Collectively, this work con rmed that chitin hydrogels could be applied as a preferential natural supporting matrix for the deposition of inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and provided alternative antibacterial dressing for treating microbial infections and promoting wound healing.hydrogels have multiple advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer network structure similar to the macromolecular biological tissue, which are extensively used in biomedical application (Huang et al., 2021;Kang et al., 2022;Anitha et al., 2014). To improve its properties and broaden its applications, chitin hydrogel has been modi ed, such as with polyphenol or hydroxyapatite (Cao et al., 2023;Xing et al., 2021;Lin et al., 2021a). In our previous work, Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles were formed in the network of chitin hydrogels via in situ mineralization process and encapsulated to fabricate novel chitin/Mn 3 O 4 composite hydrogels, with NIR-assisted outstanding photothermal antibacterial and antibio lm activities (Zhang et al., 2023). Thereby, chitin hydrogels can be applied as a preferential natural supporting matrix for the deposition of ZnO.Hence, in this work, we attempted to fabricate chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels by in situ conversion of Zn 2+ to ZnO throughout chitin hydrogel networks. It is anticipated that chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels combine their unique properties. Therefore, the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels were systematically investigated. Furthermore, the wound healing performance of the chitin/ZnO composite hydrogels was evaluated in a mouse full-thickness S. aureus bio lm-infected wound model.
Materials and methods
MaterialsThe raw chitin from shrimp shell was purchased from Zhejiang Golden-Shell Biochemical Co. Ltd., China, and puri ed according to the reported procedure (Ding et al., 2012). NH 3 •H 2 O, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O, and other reagents were of...