Naturally occurring and synthetic peptides: Efficient tyrosinase inhibitors

Abstract

Tyrosinase is a copper‐containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melanin pigment, which is the most important photo protective agent against skin photo carcinogenesis. Excess production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation leading to undesired browning in human skin, fruits, and vegetable as well as plant‐derived foods. Moreover, the role of tyrosinase in the onset and progression of various diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson diseases has been well documented in the literature. In this respect, tyrosinase inhibitors have been in the center of attention particularly as the efficient skin whitening agents. Among a wide range of compounds possessing anti‐tyrosinase activity, peptides both natural and synthetic derivatives have attracted attention due to high potency and safety.

Looking for peptides from rice starch processing by-product: Bioreactor production, anti-tyrosinase and anti-inflammatory activity, and in silico putative taste assessment

“…Most of the identified peptides contained amino acid residues with a hydroxyl group (SER, THR, or TYR), which could interact via hydrogen bonds with the active site of the enzyme, thus showing anti-tyrosinase activity. The interaction with the active site (and therefore the inhibiting activity) can also be ascribed to hydrophobic interactions (aliphatic moiety of VAL, ALA, or LEU) and π-π interactions (aromatic moiety of PHE, TYR, or TRP) (Hariri et al, 2021), confirming previous data (Figure 3; Supplementary Table 1). Most of these peptides have been here identified for the first time in rice.…”

Submerged fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis significantly improved the physiological activities of Citrus aurantium flower extract

“…Moreover, as the concentration was increased, the melanin content was discovered to gradually decrease, and the antityrosinase activity to markedly increase. Melanin content and antityrosinase activity exhibited a high degree of synchronization; thus, the L. brevis –fermented extract exerts a whitening effect, possibly through inhibition of tyrosinase activity ( Harir et al., 2021 ). The fermented extract inhibited melanin formation, with the melanin content being 50.8% ± 2.3% at the extract concentration of 40 mg/L.…”

Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Sulfonate Derivatives Bearing Salicylaldehyde

“…Thus, investigating new and effective tyrosinase inhibitors with low side effects has been the subject of many studies. Until now, many compounds have been addressed for their potent tyrosinase inhibitions, such as flavones, [25] peptides, [26] Schiff bases, [27] and sulfonamide chalcones [28] . Also, some plant extracts were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibition properties [29–31] …”