Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Collins, Andrila E.; Saleh, Tarek M; Kalisch, Bettina E.

doi:10.3390/antiox11020213

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 444 publications

(566 reference statements)

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“…Hence, there is an unmet need to tackle disease aetiology, for example, through a multipronged treatment strategy [ 57 , 58 ]. Indeed, animal models of AD have demonstrated improvements in cognitive function and behavioural defects after antioxidant therapy [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by progressive neuronal atrophy and the loss of neuronal function as a consequence of multiple pathomechanisms. Current AD treatments primarily operate at a symptomatic level to treat a cholinergic deficiency and can cause side effects. Hence, there is an unmet need for healthier lifestyles to reduce the likelihood of AD as well as improved treatments with fewer adverse reactions. Diets rich in phytochemicals may reduce neurodegenerative risk and limit disease progression. The native South American palm acai berry (Euterpe oleraceae) is a potential source of dietary phytochemicals beneficial to health. This study aimed to screen the nutraceutical potential of the acai berry, in the form of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, for the ability to inhibit acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes and scavenge free radicals via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) or 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. In addition, this study aimed to quantify the acai berry’s antioxidant potential via hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and the ability to reduce ferric ions. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Acai aqueous extract displayed a concentration-dependent inhibition of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. Both acai extracts displayed useful concentration-dependent free radical scavenging and antioxidant abilities, with the acai ethanolic extract being the most potent antioxidant and displaying the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. In summary, extracts of the acai berry contain nutraceutical components with anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant capabilities and may therefore provide a beneficial dietary component that limits the pathological deficits evidenced in AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

2022

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“…The human body converts β-carotene into vitamin A. Several body functioning, including cell division, growth, DNA methylation synthesis, immunity, prevention of DNA damage, OS, reproduction, eyesight, etc., are maintained by vitamin A [61]. Vitamin A also plays regulatory roles in neuronal development, dendrite growth, and cognitive attributes [62].…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects

Jha

et al. 2022

Mol Cancer

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Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics of brain tumor cells virtually render them resistant to the majority of conventional and advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key disruptor of normal brain homeostasis and is involved in carcinogenesis of different forms of brain cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced by various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized to inhibit cancer initiation by endorsing DNA repair and suppressing cancer progression by creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects. These effects are referred to as chemopreventive effects mediated by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, antioxidants minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity and prolong survival. Antioxidants also support the prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses and trigger OS by promoting free radical production, which is essential for activating cell death pathways. A growing body of evidence also revealed the roles of exogenous antioxidants as adjuvants and their ability to reverse chemoresistance. In this review, we explain the influences of different exogenous and endogenous antioxidants on brain cancers with reference to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic roles. The role of antioxidants on metabolic reprogramming and their influence on downstream signaling events induced by tumor suppressor gene mutations are critically discussed. Finally, the review hypothesized that both pro- and antioxidant roles are involved in the anticancer mechanisms of the antioxidant molecules by killing neoplastic cells and inhibiting tumor recurrence followed by conventional cancer treatments. The requirements of pro- and antioxidant effects of exogenous antioxidants in brain tumor treatment under different conditions are critically discussed along with the reasons behind the conflicting outcomes in different reports. Finally, we also mention the influencing factors that regulate the pharmacology of the exogenous antioxidants in brain cancer treatment. In conclusion, to achieve consistent clinical outcomes with antioxidant treatments in brain cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies are required with respect to the types, forms, and stages of brain tumors. The concomitant treatment regimens also need adequate consideration.

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“…In this way, oxidative stress contributes not only to the onset of AD, but also to the progression and severity of the disease ( 98 ). Recently, the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and monitoring of various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, has been reviewed ( 99 , 100 ).…”

Section: Microbiota and Oxidative Stress In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: A New Frontier on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder of integrative areas of the brain, characterized by cognitive decline and disability resulting in negative impacts on the family of the patients and the health care services worldwide. AD involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and accelerated apoptosis, accompanied by deposition of amyloid-β peptide plaques and tau protein-based neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system. Among the multiple factors that contribute to the onset and evolution of this disease, aging stands out. That is why the prevalence of this disease has increased due to the constant increase in life expectancy. In the hope of finding new, more effective methods to slow the progression of this disease, over the last two decades, researchers have promoted “omics”-based approaches that include the gut microbiota and their reciprocal interactions with different targets in the body. This scientific advance has also led to a better understanding of brain compartments and the mechanisms that affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to discuss recent advances related to the gut-brain-microbiota axis in AD. Furthermore, considering that AD involves psychiatric symptoms, this review also focuses on the psychiatric factors that interact with this axis (an issue that has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature).

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Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 54 publications

References 444 publications

A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects

The Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: A New Frontier on Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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