Naturally Occurring Cleistanthane Diterpenoids and Their Biological Activities

Abstract

Cleistanthane diterpenoids, an important class of active natural products, are characterized by a 6/6/6 tricycle system and contain a variety of functional groups. Studies have shown that cleistanthane diterpenoids are widespread in various higher plants and endophytic fungi and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring cleistanthane diterpenoids discovered from 1973 until 2024, and sheds light on the sources, structures, biological effects and primary molecular mechanisms of them and provides a useful reference for the further study and development of these compounds.