Naturally occurring neem gum: An unprecedented green resource for bioelectrochemical flexible energy storage device

Abstract

Naturally available neem tree gum consisting of bioelectrolyte and bioelectrode was fabricated for flexible energy storage device. Structural morphology, thermal stability, porosity and surface area of as prepared bioelectrode were characterized thoroughly by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm respectively. The bioelectrolyte conductivity was optimized under various concentrations of lithium ion salts and temperatures through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A flexible supercapacitor (SCs) was fabricated by using bioelectrodes and electrolyte and tested for its electrochemical properties. The supercapacitor displayed specific capacitance of 640 Fg -1 and 200 Fg -1 at a current density 0.5 Ag -1 and 1.0 V operating potential window. The energy device has also demonstrated large operational window (2.0 V) and shown 102 Fg -1 at a current density of 1.0 Ag -1 . The novelty of the present work lies in the simplified, cost-effective procedure for preparation of biomaterials, their remarkably high stability under strong mechanical bent and long-term charging-discharging cycles of the fabricated device.

Physicochemical properties and performance of graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers as supercapacitor electrode materials

“…22,23 Electrodes with specic capacitances ranging from 214 to 374 F g À1 have been successfully fabricated using graphene derived from biomass, including coconut shells, wood, rice husks, walnut shells, banana peels, bagasse, tea leaves, bamboo, palm oil waste, and palm kernel shells. 19,[24][25][26][27] However, few nanober-based rGOPKS electrodes have been developed.…”

Low-Carbon Development from the Energy–Water Nexus Perspective in China’s Resource-Based City

“…The research and development investment in renewable energy technologies should be increased, and the development technologies for the naturally occurring green energy, such as neem gum, should be actively introduced to promote Jincheng's transformation from a resource-based city dominated by fossil energy to a new green city dominated by renewable energy and technology [49,50]. At the same time, research on catalysts for greenhouse gas conversion should be carried out, and mature technologies, such as the hydrogen production through the dry reforming of methane, should be widely introduced to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Jincheng city and promote the sustainable development of Jincheng's environment [51].…”

Printable High-Voltage Integrated Microsupercapacitors Based on Heteroatom-Doped Porous Biomass Carbon

“…To address these issues, it is necessary to develop low-cost and highly efficient electrode materials for MSCs. The inexpensive biomass-derived carbon materials with abundant heteroatom functional groups and hierarchically porous structure are propitious to charge storage and ion transfer in the application of supercapacitors. − Some high specific surface area carbon materials derived from biomass have shown satisfactory capacitance in a three-electrode system. − Although neem tree gum has been transformed into a flexible supercapacitor for energy storage, developing the processable biomass-derived carbon materials into designable microelectrodes still remains challenging in MSCs . Notably, sodium lignosulfonate, a residual product of the pulp and paper industry, is a kind of water-soluble S,O-containing biopolymer composed of syringyl, guaiacyl, and p -hydroxyphenyl units. , Currently, sodium lignosulfonate is mainly used as a surfactant in some industrial procresses. , In this case, the transformation of sodium lignosulfonate into outstanding electrode materials for supercapacitors and MSCs has both scientific and commercial significance for the sustainable development of society. − …”

“…12−16 Some high specific surface area carbon materials derived from biomass have shown satisfactory capacitance in a three-electrode system. 17−21 Although neem tree gum has been transformed into a flexible supercapacitor for energy storage, 22 developing the processable biomass-derived carbon materials into designable microelectrodes still remains challenging in MSCs. 23 Notably, sodium lignosulfonate, a residual product of the pulp and paper industry, is a kind of water-soluble S,O-containing biopolymer composed of syringyl, guaiacyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl units.…”