Naturalness and the genetic modification of animals

Verhoog, H.

doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(03)00142-2

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The subject of genetically enhanced crops has ignited an intense, polarized and often hostile debate in many countries, with emotive issues taking the lead over scientific rigor and common sense. Agrobacterium spp., as natural conduits for gene transfer between bacteria and plants, are regarded by some as more 'natural' than direct transfer methods, and therefore more acceptable (Verhoog 2003). There is also a widely-held belief that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is more precise, more controllable and therefore 'cleaner' than particle bombardment, but this axiom does not stand up to close scrutiny (especially in nonmodel plant systems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle bombardment and the genetic enhancement of crops: myths and realities

et al. 2005

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DNA transfer by particle bombardment makes use of physical processes to achieve the transformation of crop plants. There is no dependence on bacteria, so the limitations inherent in organisms such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens do not apply. The absence of biological constraints, at least until DNA has entered the plant cell, means that particle bombardment is a versatile and effective transformation method, not limited by cell type, species or genotype. There are no intrinsic vector requirements so transgenes of any size and arrangement can be introduced, and multiple gene cotransformation is straightforward. The perceived disadvantages of particle bombardment compared to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, i.e. the tendency to generate large transgene arrays containing rearranged and broken transgene copies, are not borne out by the recent detailed structural analysis of transgene loci produced by each of the methods. There is also little evidence for major differences in the levels of transgene instability and silencing when these transformation methods are compared in agriculturally important cereals and legumes, and other non-model systems. Indeed, a major advantage of particle bombardment is that the delivered DNA can be manipulated to influence the quality and structure of the resultant transgene loci. This has been demonstrated in recently reported strategies that favor the recovery of transgenic plants containing intact, singlecopy integration events, and demonstrating high-level transgene expression. At the current time, particle bombardment is the most efficient way to achieve plastid transformation in plants and is the only method so far used to achieve mitochondrial transformation. In this review, we discuss recent data highlighting the positive impact of particle bombardment on the genetic transformation of plants, focusing on the fate of exogenous DNA, its organization and its expression in the plant cell. We also discuss some of the most important applications of this technology including the deployment of transgenic plants under field conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle bombardment and the genetic enhancement of crops: myths and realities

et al. 2005

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“…Many consumers appear to evaluate welfare based on the production system (Vanhonacker et al 2008) and, in particular, freedom (Vanhonacker et al 2009;Verbeke 2009); naturalness (Evans and Miele 2008;Vanhonacker et al 2008); the avoidance of certain mutilations (FAWC 2009); and a humane death. For example, evaluating lives purely on affective criteria could allow unnatural interventions that consumers think ethically inappropriate such as genetic modification or particular mutilations (Verhoog 2003;de Vries 2006). This suggests an obvious alternative approach to evaluating the ratio of affective states is to reflect consumers' other concerns directly.…”

Section: Consumers' Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Good? Ethical Criteria for a ‘Good Life’ for Farm Animals

Yeates

2017

J Agric Environ Ethics

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The Farm Animal Welfare Council's concept of a Good Life gives an idea of an animal's quality of life that is over and above that of a mere life worth living. The concept needs explanation and clarification, in order to be meaningful, particularly for consumers who purchase farm animal produce. The concept could allow assurance schemes to apply the label to assessments of both the potential of each method of production, conceptualised in ways expected to enhance consumers' engagement such as 'naturalness' and 'freedom'; and the concept of a life worth living as a safeguard threshold below which no animal's actual welfare should fall, based on each animal's overall affective states. This may provide a framework for development of the Good Life concept, within scientific and sociological fields, in order to allow reliable and influential use by assessors, consumers and retailers.

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“…3 The problem, of course, is that the concept of "naturalness" is an extremely ambiguous concept (Verhoog, 2003), so it is not immediately clear which specific considerations the unnaturalness objection is likely to emphasize. One of this article's objectives, then, is to identify both the specific concepts activated by unnaturalness arguments and the conditions under which this activation is most likely to occur.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Synthetic Biology

Dragojlovic

Einsiedel

2013

Science Communication

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Under what conditions does the perceived "unnaturalness" of a specific application of synthetic biology influence its public acceptability? Using data from a framing experiment embedded in a national survey of Canadian adults, we argue that this consideration leads to negative perceptions of the technology only when opponents of the application use rhetoric that refers to its unnaturalness and when characteristics of the application itself, such as the use of genetic material from "dissimilar" organisms, increase the perceived relevance of such arguments. Additionally, we find that individuals who view nature as sacred or spiritual are most responsive to unnaturalness framing.

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Naturalness and the genetic modification of animals

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Particle bombardment and the genetic enhancement of crops: myths and realities

Particle bombardment and the genetic enhancement of crops: myths and realities

How Good? Ethical Criteria for a ‘Good Life’ for Farm Animals

Framing Synthetic Biology

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