Nature and Behavior of Fluxes Used for Welding

Olson, D. L.; Liu, S.; Frost, R.H.; Edwards, G. R.; Fleming, D. A.

doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001339

Cited by 37 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although, titanium could be dissociated from rutile (TiO 2 ) increasing the concentration of this element to react as a TiC. The amount of titanium in the weld metal tends to be higher according to the increase in rutile in the flux [16]. Additionally, oxides could affect the nucleation and growth of carbides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that welding fluxes perform fundamental functions in the welding processes, controlling the process stability, weld geometry, spatter, fusion puddle viscosity, droplet transfer, electromagnetic forces, among others [14][15][16]. The effects of the elements of a flux, together with the base metal and shielding gas (when applied), should establish the formation of an easily ionizable atmosphere promoting the formation of a stable electric arc [15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of TiC formation in situ by applying titanium chips and other ingredients as a flux of tubular wire

Júnior

Cardoso

Bracarense

2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Possibility of a varied flux formulation, associated with high deposition rates, has been an advantage in welding processes by applying tubular wires, especially metal cored arc welding (MCAW), characterized by metallic powders in the flux. However, the presence of an exclusively metallic flux may not establish optimal welding conditions, requiring the addition of other ingredients in the flux. The present paper investigates the welding of tubular wire with titanium alloy chips as the flux and the effects of additional elements TiO 2 , CaCO 3 and CaF 2 on the arc behavior such as stability, transfer mode and weld properties. Microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness was evaluated by a Vickers microdurometer. The results indicated that the fluxes promoted a characteristic of mixed transfer by short circuiting and globular while the CaCO 3 only promoted characteristics of a globular transfer. Fluxes containing TiO 2 , generally used as an arc stabilizer, showed high levels of disturbance. Despite varying chemical composition of the tubular wire, X-ray diffraction results and images generated SEM, revealed a microstructure replete of faceted TiC for all conditions. Carbide showed no significant differences in morphology. Electrical signals demonstrated considerable effects in transfer mode for each condition. As a consequence of the effects generated by the flux, the properties of the welds were also significantly affected. Hardness variation was improved from 2 to 5 times comparing to the hardness of steel plate.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of TiC formation in situ by applying titanium chips and other ingredients as a flux of tubular wire

Júnior

Cardoso

Bracarense

2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Estes valores podem ser atribuídos a baixa diluição apresentada pelas soldas, em combinação com a possível dissociação do TiO2 aumentando a oferta de para reagir na forma de TiC. A quantidade de titânio no metal de solda tende a apresentar maiores teores de acordo com o aumento da oferta do rutilo no fluxo [14]. Wang et al [25] aplicaram TiO2, Al e B4C, entre os elementos presentes no fluxo, depositados diretamente sobre o metal de base na forma de camadas, fundidas pelo processo GTAW para a formação de carbonetos de titânio.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Deste modo, além de favorecer a formação das fases e constituintes presentes na microestrutura de uma solda (elementos de liga), os fluxos devem ainda exercer outras funções nos processos de soldagem em que são aplicados, controlando a estabilidade do processo, geometria da solda, ocorrência de respingos, viscosidade da poça de fusão, transferência das gotas, forças eletromagnéticas, entre outros [12][13][14]. Os efeitos dos elementos de um fluxo, juntamente com o metal de base e o gás de proteção (quando aplicados), devem estabelecer a formação de uma atmosfera facilmente ionizável promovendo a formação de um arco elétrico com melhor estabilidade [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adição de TiO2, CaCO3 e CaF2 Como Componentes do Fluxo de Arames Tubulares para a Formação de TiC

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumo: A versatilidade dos processos de soldagem com a utilização de fluxos é atribuída principalmente a grande variedade de elementos possíveis nas formulações, principalmente nos processos com a utilização de arames tubulares. Contudo, cada componente do fluxo é selecionado criteriosamente de acordo com a função a ser exercida durante todo o processo, gerando efeitos na transferência metálica, na formação e solidificação da poça de fusão. O presente trabalho investigou a soldagem de arames tubulares do tipo MCAW com fluxo compostos de cavacos das ligas de titânio e grafite, visando a formação de carbonetos, e os efeitos de elementos adicionais TiO2, CaCO3 e CaF2 sobre o comportamento do arco elétrico, como a estabilidade, modo de transferência e propriedades da solda. O comportamento dos oscilogramas e ciclogramas gerados a partir dos sinais elétricos indicaram a ocorrência de transferência mistas entre curto circuito, globular e spray, de acordo com cada formulação do fluxo nos arames e sob os parâmetros de soldagem mantidos constantes. A formação dos carbonetos de titânio foi evidenciada em todas as condições de fluxo. Entretanto, a matriz dos depósitos apresentou a formação de fases e constituintes diferentes, como resultado dos efeitos gerados pelos componentes do fluxo.

show abstract

“…Fusion welding of aluminum (Al) alloys is always challenging for certain apparent reasons such as the presence of a tenacious and insulating oxide layer, high thermal conductivity, and a high coefficient of thermal expansion [1,2]. Additionally, fusion welding of Al alloys often poses certain quality issues such as gas porosity, solidification cracking, and post-weld distortions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Liquation and Segregation Induced Failure Mechanism in Thick Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Electron-Beam Welds

Mastanaiah

Reddy

Bhattacharya

et al. 2022

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study presents new findings on the underlying failure mechanism of thick dissimilar electron-beam (EB) welds through a study on the AA 2219-AA 5083 pair. Contrary to the prior studies on EB welding of thin Al alloys, where liquation in the grain boundaries (GBs) in the partially melted zone (PMZ) was not observed, the present investigation for thick EB welds reports both liquation and increased segregation of Cu in the PMZ. The work is thus directed towards understanding the unusual observation in the PMZ of thick EB weld through investigation of the microstructural variation across the various regions of the produced weld. The microstructural results are correlated with the mechanical properties of the weld, i.e., hardness variation and tensile response. Results of this investigation suggest that unlike the convention that EB welding produces sound dissimilar Al welds, the weld performance for thick EB Al welds is affected by the heat input, the associated cooling rates, and most importantly by the base material thickness. Extensive liquation and Cu segregation induced failure in the PMZ on the AA 2219 side of the dissimilar weld. The underlying failure mechanism is explained through a heat-transfer analysis. Beyond a certain plate thickness, the heat transfer changes from two to three-dimensional. As a result, retarded cooling promotes liquation and Cu segregation in thick EB welds.

show abstract

Nature and Behavior of Fluxes Used for Welding

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of TiC formation in situ by applying titanium chips and other ingredients as a flux of tubular wire

Effects of TiC formation in situ by applying titanium chips and other ingredients as a flux of tubular wire

Adição de TiO2, CaCO3 e CaF2 Como Componentes do Fluxo de Arames Tubulares para a Formação de TiC

Unveiling Liquation and Segregation Induced Failure Mechanism in Thick Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Electron-Beam Welds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About