Nature of Angular Carbides in Damascus Steel

Sukhanov, D. A.; Arkhangel’skii, L. B.; Plotnikova, N. V.

doi:10.1007/s11015-017-0451-7

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, we have convincingly shown that the structure of Damascus steel BU22А does not contain crushed ledeburite. This statement was shown to us in articles (Sukhanov, 2014;Sukhanov, Arkhangelsky, Plotnikova, Belousova, 2016;Sukhanov, Arkhangelskiy, Plotnikova, 2016;Sukhanov, Arkhangelskiy, Plotnikova, 2017). The basis of the third hypothesis laid the conclusion of Prof. Nizhnikovskaya (1982) that the plasticity of white cast irons, possible as a result to the transformation of excess carbide.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Eutectic Carbides in Damascus steel Ledeburite Class (Wootz)

Sukhanov¹,

Arkhangelsky²

2017

IRJMSA

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Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Eutectic Carbides in Damascus steel Ledeburite Class (Wootz)

Sukhanov¹,

Arkhangelsky²

2017

IRJMSA

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“…So, in the work of Anosov [2] it was shown that after prolonged annealing, for three days, at a temperature of about 850˚C... 950˚C, cast steel may be converted to Damascus steel. In works [9] [10] [11], they described in detail the stages of the increase ductility of highcarbon alloys containing 2.25% carbon, in the during the high-temperature isothermal annealing. The duration of isothermal exposure is directly connected with the annealing temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Eutectic Carbides in the Structure of High-Purity White Cast Iron in the Forging Process

Sukhanov¹,

Arkhangelsky²

2017

MSA

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It is found that the deformation of white cast iron under forging production is only possible with a minimum number of permanent impurities. The developed modes of high-temperature intermediate annealing facilitate the deformation of the forging under normal production conditions. It is shown that in the process of isothermal annealing of white cast iron begins the process of disintegration of ledeburite in the more stable eutectic carbides, providing technological plasticity for subsequent forging. The installed influence of the purity of white cast iron on the morphology of the excess carbides and their ability to divide. Studies the morphology of the excess eutectic carbides after melting, pre-annealing and after deformation forging. Discovered that after severe plastic deformation the structure of white cast iron becomes more stable, due to the appearance of eutectic carbides. It was determined that the deformed structure of white iron, because of its lack ledeburite component, was more identical with the structure of the alloy ledeburite steels. The data obtained can be used for making Damascus bladed weapons products, experiencing shock-variables loads.

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“…Juleff et al (1996) have highlighted the importance of South Asian iron and steel making technology, particularly in peninsular India during the first millennium AD 2 . Significant metallurgical achievements have been made in Indian subcontinent such as the discovery and application of wootz steel (also called “ bulad ” in Central Asia) 3 , 4 . Solid-state ore reduction was one of the important iron-smelting technologies applied in the iron making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

Dwivedi

Mata

Salvemini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Ancient Indian iron artefacts have always fascinated researchers due to their excellent corrosion resistance, but the scientific explanation of this feature remains to be elucidated. We have investigated corrosion resistance of iron manufactured according to traditional metallurgical processes by the Indian tribes called ‘Agaria’. Iron samples were recovered from central India (Aamadandh, Korba district, Chhattisgarh). Iron artefacts are investigated using a range of correlative microscopic, spectroscopic, diffraction and tomographic techniques to postulate the hidden mechanisms of superlative corrosion resistance. The importance of manufacturing steps, ingredients involved in Agaria’s iron making process, and post-metal treatment using metal-working operation called hot hammering (forging) is highlighted. This study also hypothesizes the probable protective mechanisms of corrosion resistance of iron. Findings are expected to have a broad impact across multiple disciplines such as archaeology, metallurgy and materials science.

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Nature of Angular Carbides in Damascus Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Eutectic Carbides in Damascus steel Ledeburite Class (Wootz)

Eutectic Carbides in Damascus steel Ledeburite Class (Wootz)

Formation of Eutectic Carbides in the Structure of High-Purity White Cast Iron in the Forging Process

Uncovering the superior corrosion resistance of iron made via ancient Indian iron-making practice

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