Nature of Individual Hygroscopic Particles in the Urban Atmosphere

Okada, Kikuo

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.61.5_727

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, the dialysis (extraction) of water-soluble material (Mossop, 1963;Tanaka, 1980;Okada, 1983) was applied to the samples collected on 1 and 10 May in Nagasaki. Particles after dialysis treatment were also analyzed quantitatively by using the EDX spectrometry mentioned above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Niimura

Okada²,

Fan

et al. 1998

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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In the spring of 1991, individual aerosol particles were collected on electron microscopic grids in Beijing (China) and Nagasaki (Japan). In order to study the change in the chemical composition of Asian duststorm particles during transport, the dust particles were examined using an electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. An isentropic backward-trajectory analysis was carried out in order to obtain the transport path of the dust-storm particles. Spatial distributions of clouds by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) were also used in order to examine the presence of clouds along the transport path.Asian dust-storm particles mixed internally with sea salt (mixed particles) ranged from 16 to 100% among the dust particles in the air over Nagasaki. For the two cases that the same dust-storm events were observed in Beijing and Nagasaki, dust-storm particles containing sea salt were present abundantly in Nagasaki in a case that the air would have been influenced largely by clouds in the maritime atmosphere during the transport. It is suggested that these mixed dust-storm particles were formed by cloud processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Niimura

Okada²,

Fan

et al. 1998

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Model results predict that most LAC is mixed with other substances within 5 days of emission (Jacobson 2001). Detailed examinations of ambient particles demonstrate that such mixed particles are common (e.g., Okada 1983;Liousse et al 1993;Pósfai et al 1999;Naoe and Okada 2001;Heintzenberg et al 2002;Whiteaker et al 2002).…”

Section: Addition Of Negligibly Absorbing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review

Bond

Bergström

2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

2,552

135

2,375

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The optical properties of the light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called "soot," "black carbon," or "carbon black" have been the subject of some debate. These properties are necessary to model how aerosols affect climate, and our review is targeted specifically for that application. We recommend the term light-absorbing carbon to avoid conflict with operationally based definitions. Absorptive properties depend on molecular form, particularly the size of sp 2 -bonded clusters. Freshly-generated particles should be represented as aggregates, and their absorption is like that of particles small relative to the wavelength. Previous compendia have yielded a wide range of values for both refractive indices and absorption cross section. The absorptive properties of light-absorbing carbon are not as variable as is commonly believed. Our tabulation suggests a mass-normalized absorption cross section of 7.5 ± 1.2 m 2 /g at 550 nm for uncoated particles. We recommend a narrow range of refractive indices for strongly-absorbing carbon particles, of which the highest is 1.

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“…Simple morphological analyses by optical or electron microscopy of such samples can yield some information about the distribution of chemical and physical properties among particles which can be identified by their physical structure. The amount of water soluble material on individual particles has been quantified by the application of dialysis techniques (Mossop, 1963;Okada, 1983).…”

Section: Methods Of Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the distribution of physical and chemical particle properties in the atmospheric aerosol

Heintzenberg

Covert

1990

J Atmos Chem

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Consideration of sources and growth dynamics of aerosols has led to the conclusion that there may be a distribution or variation of chemical composition and physical structure among atmospheric aerosol particles as a function of size, and within a narrow size range as well. A mathematical representation of these particle properties in terms of an additional dimension to the number size distribution is described. Examples of the relevance of this aspect of aerosol characterization for physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere are discussed. A review of the available techniques shows that several methods are available which can and have provided quantitative results on the distribution of particle properties. Examples of data from the literature have been selected and are presented as three-dimensional distributions illustrating the wide range of particle properties which may exist in narrow size intervals. An evaluation of these results reiterates the value of taking the distribution of particle properties in the atmosphere into account for sampling and modeling purposes.

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Nature of Individual Hygroscopic Particles in the Urban Atmosphere

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review

On the distribution of physical and chemical particle properties in the atmospheric aerosol

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