Nature of stress: Differential effects on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and memory in rats

Das, Amitava; Rai, Deepak; Dikshit, Madhu; Palit, Gautam; Nath, Chandishwar

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.02.020

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Then, the CS -US association is consolidated and finally retrieved during the test when the CS is presented for the second time. Some studies have shown that behavioral effects of ICV OXA infusion, such as feeding and drinking behavior (Sakurai et al 1998;Edwards et al 1999;Kunii et al 1999) or olfactory hypersensitivity ) persist for at least 3 h. Therefore, the effects of fasting and OXA infusion on COA observed in the present study may have resulted from changes in the processes of acquisition and/or consolidation taking place on D8.As shown in Figure 2A, the Fasted group displayed a significant decrease in mean odorized solution intake during acquisition, suggesting that, despite our use of a very low concentration of isoamyl acetate solution (ISO), the acute 24-h food-and waterdeprivation schedule induced increased neophobia toward the CS odor.Also, the results obtained in the Fasted group for the EPM test suggest, in accordance with previous studies (Lipman and Perkins 2002;Das et al 2005;Nowland et al 2011) that 24-h fasting increased the level of anxiety. Therefore, it can be assumed that the strong neophobia observed in the Fasted group at COA acquisition may have resulted, at least in part, from the combination of .…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Also, the results obtained in the Fasted group for the EPM test suggest, in accordance with previous studies (Lipman and Perkins 2002;Das et al 2005;Nowland et al 2011) that 24-h fasting increased the level of anxiety. Therefore, it can be assumed that the strong neophobia observed in the Fasted group at COA acquisition may have resulted, at least in part, from the combination of .…”

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confidence: 91%

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The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

Ferry

Duchamp‐Viret

2014

Learn. Mem.

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To test the selectivity of the orexin A (OXA) system in olfactory sensitivity, the present study compared the effects of fasting and of central infusion of OXA on the memory processes underlying odor-malaise association during the conditioned odor aversion (COA) paradigm. Animals implanted with a cannula in the left ventricle received ICV infusion of OXA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) 1 h before COA acquisition. An additional group of intact rats were food-deprived for 24 h before acquisition. Results showed that the increased olfactory sensitivity induced by fasting and by OXA infusion was accompanied by enhanced COA performance. The present results suggest that fasting-induced central OXA release influenced COA learning by increasing not only olfactory sensitivity, but also the memory processes underlying the odor-malaise association.A large variety of behaviors that are essential for animal survival depend on the sensory perception and processing of odors present in the natural environment. Food-search behavior, which is conditioned by hunger, is directly driven by the perception of odors associated with food (Le Magnen 1959). Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional status influences odor processing by modulating olfactory sensitivity. In particular, fasting has been shown to enhance odor detection in rats, whereas satiety reduced detection of odors in general , and more precisely of one odorant specifically associated with the food type involved in the satiation (O'Doherty et al. 2000;Mulligan et al. 2002). A large body of data suggests that the orexinergic system in the hypothalamus could be involved in the regulation of the food-search behavior by modulating the detection threshold of the food odorant itself (Peyron et al. 1998;Sakurai 2005;Julliard et al. 2007). It is, however, very unlikely that olfactory sensitivity is completely dissociated from olfactory memory (Rusiniak et al. 1982;Slotnick et al. 1997). Interestingly, the hypothalamic orexinergic neurons project to various structures involved in olfactory associative learning (for review, see Rodgers et al. 2002) and the orexin A (OXA) system was shown to be involved in the memory processes underlying conditioned flavor-aversion paradigms (Touzani and Sclafani 2002). Therefore, it can be suggested that the OXA system may influence odor memory formation indirectly through the modulation of olfactory sensitivity.To test this hypothesis, the present study sought to describe the role of the central OXA system in the processes underlying the association between odor and delayed malaise during the acquisition of a conditioned odor aversion (COA) paradigm (Experiment 1). For this purpose, animals implanted in the lateral ventricle were microinfused with OXA before the acquisition of the COA task. In addition, the effect of a 24-h food-deprivation schedule on COA acquisition was tested. Conditioned aversion to the odor was tested 48 h later under satiated conditions. Lastly, the effects of food-deprivation and OXA infusion on anxiety we...

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supporting

confidence: 91%

supporting

confidence: 91%

The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

Ferry

Duchamp‐Viret

2014

Learn. Mem.

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“…the compromised ChE inhibition and the accelerated restitution, was apparently opposite to that cited above, thus raising the question whether it could be due to a METinduced inhibition of the CORT synthesis. Some authors reported a reduction in AChE activity after stress [22][23][24]44]. Similar effect was observed in striate muscles of animals treated with CORT [26,45] or dexamethasone, a syntetic glucocorticoid [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Numerous animal studies revealed marked changes in AChE activity, mainly in brain, after exposure to various nonchemical stressors. In some cases, however, the observed changes consisted in an increase [11,[18][19][20][21], whereas in others in a decrease [22][23][24] of AChE activity. No changes were observed in adrenalectomized animals [18,20,25].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial protection from organophosphate-induced cholinesterase inhibition by metyrapone treatment

Świercz

Lutz

Gralewicz

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Background: Organophosphates are cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors with worldwide use as insecticides. Stress response, evidenced by a dramatic and relatively long-lasting (several hours) rise in the plasma glucocorticoid concentration is an integral element of the organophosphate (OP) poisoning symptomatology. In rodents, corticosterone (CORT) is the main glucocorticoid. There are several reports suggesting a relationship between the stressor-induced rise in CORT concentration (the CORT response) and the activity of the cerebral and peripheral ChE. Thus, it seems reasonable to presume that, in OP intoxication, the rise in plasma CORT concentration may somehow affect the magnitude of the OP-induced ChE inhibition. Metyrapone (MET) [2-methyl-1,2-di(pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-one] blocks CORT synthesis by inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase, thereby preventing the CORT response. Chlorfenvinphos (CVP) [2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethenyl diethyl phosphate] is an organophosphate insecticide still in use in some countries. Material and Methods: The purpose of the present work was to compare the CVP-induced effects -the rise of the plasma CORT concentration and the reduction in ChE activity -in MET-treated and MET-untreated rats. Chlorfenvinphos was administered once at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p. Metyrapone, at 100 mg/kg i.p., was administered five times, at 24-h intervals. The first MET dose was given two hours before CVP. Conclusion: The following was observed in the MET-treated rats: i) no rise in plasma CORT concentration after the CVP administration, ii) a reduced inhibition and a faster restitution of blood and brain ChE activities. The results suggest that MET treatment may confer significant protection against at least some effects of OP poisoning. The likely mechanism of the protective MET action has been discussed.

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“…Stress alters many physiologic responses, sometimes leading to pathologic outcomes [1]. For example, various stress paradigms significantly affect learning and memory functions and intensify fear memory in mice [2,3]. Stress-induced effects likely arise through a complex interaction of various factors and mechanisms, including decreases in the levels of central neurotransmitters, neurohormonal factors [4] and neurotrophic factors [5], and increases in free radical generation and oxidative damage in the central nervous system [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-stress Effects of Tunisian Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Ethanol Extract and Some of Its Active Compounds

Othman¹,

Neffati²,

Isoda³

2017

JAST-A

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Many antioxidant rich phytochemical extracts are attracting interest as stress adaptogens. In this regard, several plants are used traditionally and clinically for the management of neurologic disorders. Here, the anti-stress properties of the ethanol extract of medicinal plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus (CSEE), which grows wild in Southern Tunisia, were investigated, as well as the effects of some of the extracted active compounds on H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Whereas fluorescence intensity due to DCFH-DA (a marker of ROS production) in H 2 O 2 -treated SH-SY5Y cells was greater than that in untreated control cells, pretreatment with CSEE and its active compounds ameliorated H 2 O 2 -induced ROS production. Moreover, H 2 O 2 at 150 µM significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels in SH-SY5Y cells, and pretreatment with CSEE and its active compounds buffered this effect. These in vitro results demonstrate the potential of CSEE to protect against stress-associated disorders.

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Nature of stress: Differential effects on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and memory in rats

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

The orexin component of fasting triggers memory processes underlying conditioned food selection in the rat

Partial protection from organophosphate-induced cholinesterase inhibition by metyrapone treatment

Anti-stress Effects of Tunisian Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Ethanol Extract and Some of Its Active Compounds

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