Nature of the Symptoms Associated With Essential Hypertension

Ayman, David; Pratt, Joseph H.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1931.00140230002001

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moschowitz (1919) remarked on the irritability, tension and worry of many hypertensive patients. Ayman & Pratt (1931), along with Riseman & Weiss (1931), noted that symptoms expressed in early hypertension were much the same as those in psychoneurosis. Menninger (1938) and Alexander (1939) appear to have been among the first to state clearly the belief that suppressed hostility and resentment might be important precursors of hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychosocial factors and blood pressure

1980

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SYNOPSISBlood pressure levels as recorded in a community-wide screening programme were compared with findings in an earlier mental health study for persons who participated in both programmes. Blood pressure was not related to previously ascertained psychosocial characteristics among persons who were not under treatment for hypertension, suggesting that depression, hostility, psychosomatic reactions to stress, or the felt need for help with emotional problems were not important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Treatment for hypertension, however, was associated with an excess of psychosomatic symptoms, a factor which needs to be taken into account in assessing the benefits of treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Psychosocial factors and blood pressure

1980

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“…Fifty years ago the complaints of hypertensive patients were likened to 'those of patients with psychoneuroses' (Ayman & Pratt, 1931). Because of the similarity of the complaints, Sainsbury (1964) attempted to examine this suggestion of an association between the two disorders.…”

Section: Internal Stress: Psychiatric Symptoms and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension: psychological aspects and diagnostic impact in a clinical trial

Mann¹

1984

Psychol. Med. Monogr. Suppl.

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The widespread acceptance of evidence that even mildly raised blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has led to the setting up of screening programmes and treatment trials for hypertension in several countries. In order to allay anxieties about adverse psychological consequences of their own treatment trial of mild to moderate hypertension in a population of 35-64 year old adults of both sexes, the Medical Research Council supported a special psychiatric study in the pilot phase of the trial. This case-controlled study demonstrated that there was no increase in psychiatric morbidity after diagnosis (labelling) of hypertension nor during one year on the trial. There was, in fact, a fall in such morbidity for trial entrants, related to a greater rate of improvement for those subjects who displayed morbidity and not to any alteration in the incidence of new morbidity. The improvement in psychological state was not associated with any of the antihypertensive drug regimes, nor was it an artefact of selection; rather it appeared to be a beneficial effect of regular clinic attendance. The results of this study are presented and discussed in the context of current research into the psychological aspects of hypertension.

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“…Moreover, he believed that symptoms usually ascribed to hypotension were in reality more common amongst hypertensive persons. Similar neurasthenic symptoms have also been attributed to high blood pressure by others (21). Meador (22) referred to hypotension as an "upper-lower limit syndrome", perhaps the commonest form of non-disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The symptom complex of headache, dizziness, fatigue, and general malaise is actually thought to be commoner in hypertensive than in hypotensive patients. A high percentage of hypertensive patients complain of headache and general weakness (21,4549). Kylin (50) commented that "We find, therefore, that the hypertonic and hypotonic symptom complexes are similar in all essentials, except that the blood pressure is abnormally high in the one complex and abnormally low in the other".…”

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confidence: 99%